Botanical medications Flashcards
echinacea active elements
flavonoids
polyacetylenes
caffeonyl conjugates
echinacea effects
inc phagocytosis
activate NK cells
dec IL-6/8
anti-inflam = dec COX
juice ingestion = inc immune function - dec duration of common cold sxs
echinacea AE
unpleasant taste
GI sxs
HA
dizzy
ephedra active ingredients
ephedrine
pseudoephedrine
ephedra effects
indirect sympathomimetics
release NE from nerve endings
ephedra use
bronchitis
asthma
CNS stimulant
weight loss, inc athletic feats
ephedra AE
INC CATECHOLAMINES: insomnia dizziness anorexia palpitations tachycardia urinary retention
high doses: inc BP, arrhythmias, toxic psychosis
ephedra contraindications
arrhythmias hyperthyroidism CHF HTN gluacoma pregnancy DM bulimia anxiety
garlic active ingredients
organic thiosulfinate
–> allicin and alliin via stomach acid
garlic effects
allicin: dec hepatic HMG-CoA dec plt aggregation (dec TXA) inc NO fibrinolytic antimicrobial dec carcinogenic activation
garlic AE
allergic reaction
hypotension
interactions if taken with anti-coagulants and anti-plt drugs
ginkgo active constituents
flavone glycosides and terpenoids
ginkgo effects
antioxidants free radical scavenging inc NO formation dec blood viscosity inc vasodilation = inc muscarinic activation, dec Beta activation
ginkgo use
intermittent claudication
cerebral insufficiency
dementia/cognitive impairment
pretx in CAGB = dec oxidativ e stress
ginkgo AE
epileptogenic - avoid in epileptic pt
insomnia
HA
anxiety
interactions with anticoagulant and anti-plt drugs
ginseng active component
triterpenoid saponin glycosides
ginseng effects
inc ACh, 5HT, NE, DA
improves mental and physical performance
ginseng AE
mastalgia
vaginal bleeding = estrogenic effects
methylxanthine could cause insomnia, anxiety, nervousness and HTN
interactions with anticoagulants, hypoglycemic, anti-HTN, psych meds
milk thistle active constiuent
silymarin (Flavonolignans)
milk thistle effects
dec lipid peroxidation
scavenge free radicals
inc SOD
dec LT formation
inc hepatic RNA pol activity**
milk thistle use
cytoprotective against hepatic injury via alcohol, acetaminophen, amanita mushroom
st. john’s wort active constituent
hypericin
hyperforin
st. john’s wort effects
hyperforin decreases serotinergic uptake
– can cause downregulation of adrenoreceptors and up regulation of 5HT receptors
st. john’s wort use
mild to mod depression
st john’s wort AE
P450 inducer**
interacts with pt on MAOI, SSRI, bipolar or psych disorder
saw palmetto active ingredient
photosterols
aliphatic alcohols
polyprenes
flavonoids
saw palmetto effects
dec 5-ar and antagonist at androgen receptors
dec DHT
saw palmetto use
BPH
saw palmetto AE
GI distress, pain, dec libido
ubiquinone
coenzyme Q - cofactor for mitochondrial electron transport
ubiquinone effects
dec in BP
CHF
acute MI
CAD
glucosamine active ingredients
glycosaminoglycans
glucosamine effects
osteoarthritis - dec pain
glucosamine AE
allergy
GI sxs
inc INR if taking warfarin
melatonin effects
improve sleep onset, duration and quality
melatonin AE
sedation
drowsiness
dec mid cycle surge of LH and later on
black cohosh use
dizzy, HA, seizures
assoc with menopausal and prenopausal
kava use
sedating
relaxes without disrupting mental clarity
root = short term social nxiety
kava active ingred
kavalactones
kava AE
malnutrition of vit D
weight loss
liver damage = inc GGT
high high-density LPL
