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PHARM 3 > Botanical medications > Flashcards

Botanical medications Flashcards

1
Q

echinacea active elements

A

flavonoids
polyacetylenes
caffeonyl conjugates

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2
Q

echinacea effects

A

inc phagocytosis
activate NK cells
dec IL-6/8
anti-inflam = dec COX

juice ingestion = inc immune function - dec duration of common cold sxs

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3
Q

echinacea AE

A

unpleasant taste
GI sxs
HA
dizzy

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4
Q

ephedra active ingredients

A

ephedrine

pseudoephedrine

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5
Q

ephedra effects

A

indirect sympathomimetics

release NE from nerve endings

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6
Q

ephedra use

A

bronchitis
asthma
CNS stimulant

weight loss, inc athletic feats

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7
Q

ephedra AE

A 
INC CATECHOLAMINES: 
insomnia
dizziness
anorexia
palpitations
tachycardia
urinary retention

high doses: inc BP, arrhythmias, toxic psychosis

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8
Q

ephedra contraindications

A 
arrhythmias
hyperthyroidism
CHF
HTN
gluacoma
pregnancy
DM
bulimia
anxiety
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9
Q

garlic active ingredients

A

organic thiosulfinate

–> allicin and alliin via stomach acid

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10
Q

garlic effects

A 
allicin: dec hepatic HMG-CoA
dec plt aggregation (dec TXA)
inc NO
fibrinolytic
antimicrobial
dec carcinogenic activation
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11
Q

garlic AE

A

allergic reaction
hypotension

interactions if taken with anti-coagulants and anti-plt drugs

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12
Q

ginkgo active constituents

A

flavone glycosides and terpenoids

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13
Q

ginkgo effects

A 
antioxidants
free radical scavenging
inc NO formation
dec blood viscosity
inc vasodilation = inc muscarinic activation, dec Beta activation
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14
Q

ginkgo use

A

intermittent claudication
cerebral insufficiency
dementia/cognitive impairment
pretx in CAGB = dec oxidativ e stress

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15
Q

ginkgo AE

A

epileptogenic - avoid in epileptic pt

insomnia
HA
anxiety

interactions with anticoagulant and anti-plt drugs

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16
Q

ginseng active component

A

triterpenoid saponin glycosides

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17
Q

ginseng effects

A

inc ACh, 5HT, NE, DA

improves mental and physical performance

18
Q

ginseng AE

A

mastalgia
vaginal bleeding = estrogenic effects

methylxanthine could cause insomnia, anxiety, nervousness and HTN

interactions with anticoagulants, hypoglycemic, anti-HTN, psych meds

19
Q

milk thistle active constiuent

A

silymarin (Flavonolignans)

20
Q

milk thistle effects

A

dec lipid peroxidation
scavenge free radicals
inc SOD
dec LT formation

inc hepatic RNA pol activity**

21
Q

milk thistle use

A

cytoprotective against hepatic injury via alcohol, acetaminophen, amanita mushroom

22
Q

st. john’s wort active constituent

A

hypericin

hyperforin

23
Q

st. john’s wort effects

A

hyperforin decreases serotinergic uptake

– can cause downregulation of adrenoreceptors and up regulation of 5HT receptors

24
Q

st. john’s wort use

A

mild to mod depression

25
Q

st john’s wort AE

A

P450 inducer**

interacts with pt on MAOI, SSRI, bipolar or psych disorder

26
Q

saw palmetto active ingredient

A

photosterols
aliphatic alcohols
polyprenes
flavonoids

27
Q

saw palmetto effects

A

dec 5-ar and antagonist at androgen receptors

dec DHT

28
Q

saw palmetto use

A

BPH

29
Q

saw palmetto AE

A

GI distress, pain, dec libido

30
Q

ubiquinone

A

coenzyme Q - cofactor for mitochondrial electron transport

31
Q

ubiquinone effects

A

dec in BP
CHF
acute MI
CAD

32
Q

glucosamine active ingredients

A

glycosaminoglycans

33
Q

glucosamine effects

A

osteoarthritis - dec pain

34
Q

glucosamine AE

A

allergy
GI sxs
inc INR if taking warfarin

35
Q

melatonin effects

A

improve sleep onset, duration and quality

36
Q

melatonin AE

A

sedation
drowsiness
dec mid cycle surge of LH and later on

37
Q

black cohosh use

A

dizzy, HA, seizures

assoc with menopausal and prenopausal

38
Q

kava use

A

sedating
relaxes without disrupting mental clarity

root = short term social nxiety

39
Q

kava active ingred

A

kavalactones

40
Q

kava AE

A

malnutrition of vit D
weight loss
liver damage = inc GGT
high high-density LPL

PHARM 3 (21 decks)

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