Boron Cardiac Physio Review II Flashcards
sinus arrhythmia
normal - with respiration
re-entry
depolarization travels in circle
requires:
1 - closed conduction loop
2 - region of unidirectional block
3 - sufficiently slow conduction of APs around loop
**often with diverse tachyarrhythmias
unidirectional block
impulses travel in one direction but not in the opposite one
depolarization induced triggered activity
induced automaticity in non-pacemaer cells
I-Ca triggers slow positive deflection of Vm - early afterdepolarization
may trigger extrasystole
run of three or more ventricular extrasystoles
pathologic
-V-tach?? compare to dubin
long QT syndrome
prone to develop torsades de pointes
-hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, or medications
Ca overload
digitalis intox
- SR sequesters too much Ca
- transient inward current - delayed afterdepolarization
-can produce spontaneous action potential
ischemia and anoxia
decreased ATP
- ATP K channels more
- cells less excitable
- slow/blocks conduction
myocardial infarction
peaking of T waves followed by T wave inversion
-then elevation of ST segment
elevation of ST segment
myocytes at epicardium - become depolarized by cellular anoxic injury
- injured cell more positive resting potential
- but, has same plateau as uninjured cells
- difference in voltage is depressed everywhere but at the ST segment (elevates it)
coronary artery spasm
also produce ST elevation
ST segment depression and T wave inversion
ischemia
-anginal episodes
deep Q waves
irreversible cell death (necrosis)
AV valves
tricuspid (right)
mitral (left)
semilunar valves
pulmonary (right)
aortic (left)
four phases of cardiac cycle
1 inflow phase
2 isovolumetric contraction
3 outflow phase
4 isovolumetric relaxation
systole
phase 2 and 3
isovolumetric contraction and outflow
diastole
phase 4 and 1
isovolumetric relaxation and inflow