Bordetella

Question 1

Location of Infection

Answer 1

In the upper respiratory tract

Affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium

Question 2

Virulence Factors

• Adhesins
• Biofilms

Answer 2

Ciliated respiratory epithelia

1. Filamentous hemagglutinin - secreted protein that remains attached to OM; most important adhesion factor
2. Pertactin
3. Biofilms (persistance)

Question 3

Virulence Factors

-Toxins

Answer 3

1. Hemolysin (adenylate cyclase toxin) - RTX family of toxins; inhibition of neutrophil function
2. Dermonecrotic toxin - causes skin necrosis, damage nasal tissue
3. Osteo toxin - toxic for osteoblasts
4. Tracheal cytotoxin - destruction of ciliated respiratory epithelium

Question 4

Virulence Factors

-Bvg regulon

Answer 4

Phase variation
Coordinates expression of virulence genes
No expression with low temperature, Mg sulphate, Nicotinic acid

Question 5

Bronchiseptica

Non-progressive atrophic rhinitis

Answer 5

Damage of nasal mucosae
Production of mucus
Increase in dermonecrotic toxin

Question 6

Bronchiseptica

Pneumonic bordetellosis

Answer 6

Less than 1 week = primary infection
Older than 1 week = secondary infection
Lesions in lungs; coughing and dyspnea in young animals; morbidity high

Question 7

Bronchiseptica

Progressive atrophic rhinitis

Answer 7

Pasteurella multocida, DNT +
Colonization of nose - mucus production, damage epithelium
Osteoclasts increase
Anatomical deviation of nose

Question 8

Progressive atrophic rhinitis epidemiology

Answer 8

Direct contact aerosol
Bb colonizes easier than Pm
Bb - sow to offspring
Pm - older piglets to younger

Question 9

Bordetella bronchiseptica in Dogs (cats)

-Pathogenesis

Answer 9

Kennel Cough
Adhesion to ciliated epithelium -> multiplicaiton -> NH3 production and toxins -> inflammation (mucus) -> susceptibility to secondary infections

Question 10

Bordetella in Poultry

Answer 10

Turkeys: Coryza
respiratory problems
rhinotracheitis
Bordetella avium = primary agent

Question 11

Bordetella in Rabbits

Answer 11

Nearly all are carriers
Eye localization = blindness
Ear infection, abscesses, nasal discharge, sneezing
+ P. multocida = bronchopneumonia

Question 12

Antibiotics in Rabbits

Answer 12

Very toxic:
Lincosamides (clindamycin, lincomycin); single dose = 100% mortality
Lower:
Penicillins, Macrolides
Safe:
tetracycline, streptomycin, neomycin