Borders, surfaces and chambers of the heart

Question 1

What are the 4 borders of the heart?

Answer 1

Superior
Inferior
Left
Right

Question 2

What is on the superior border?

Answer 2

Right atrium
Left atrium
Great vessels - SVC, aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 3

What is on the inferior border?

Answer 3

2/3rd right ventricle
1/3rd left ventricle

Question 4

What is on the right border?

Answer 4

Right atrium

Question 5

What is on the left border?

Answer 5

Left ventricle
Apex (formed by LV)

Question 6

What are the 3 heart surfaces?

Answer 6

Sternocostal
Diaphragmatic
Posterior

Question 7

What forms the sternocostal surface?

Answer 7

Right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 8

What forms the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 8

Right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 9

What forms the posterior surface?

Answer 9

Left atrium and part of right atrium

Question 10

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 10

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Question 11

What is an auricle?

Answer 11

Small folds in the atria which allow for hyper filling of the atrium by expanding to accommodate the extra blood.

Question 12

What do auricles do?

Answer 12

Regulates blood flow through the heart by contracting and relaxing its muscles

Question 13

What are the openings into the right atrium?

Answer 13

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus

Question 14

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 14

Adult remanent of foetal foramen ovale - which allowed blood to flow between right and left atrium and bypass the non-functioning lungs

Question 15

Where is the interatrial septum?

Answer 15

Between atrium and auricle

Question 16

What valve is between right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve

Question 17

What is the crista terminalis?

Answer 17

Ridge of myocardium within the right atrium. extending along the posterior wall between the openings for the SVC and IVC.

Question 18

What are pectinate muscles?

Answer 18

Parallel muscular columns on the inner walls of the atria

Question 19

What is the function of pectinate muscles?

Answer 19

Allows right atrium to dilate without much wall stress

Question 20

What vessel leaves the right ventricle?

Answer 20

Pulmonary trunk

Question 21

What valve leaves the right ventricle?

Answer 21

Pulmonary valve

Question 22

Where is the moderator band?

Answer 22

Runs horizontally along the bottom of the ventricle

Question 23

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Answer 23

Prevent leakage through the AV valves during systole

Question 24

What is the function of the trabeculae carneae?

Answer 24

They contract to pull on the chordae tendineae, this prevents inversion of the valve

Question 25

What is the function of the moderator band?

Answer 25

To contract the APM and prevent tricuspid regurgitation through tension of the chordae tendineae

Question 26

How many papillary muscles are in the right ventricle?

Answer 26

3 (matches number of cusps)

Question 27

What does the left atrium receive?

Answer 27

Right and left pairs of pulmonary veins containing oxygenated blood

Question 28

What valve separates the left atrium form ventricle?

Answer 28

Mitral/bicuspid valve

Question 29

What vessel leaves the left ventricle and by what valve?

Answer 29

Aorta via aortic valve

Question 30

What are the chordae tendineae?

Answer 30

The heart strings
- maintain position and tension of the AV valves

Question 31

How many papillary muscles are in the left ventricle?

Answer 31

2