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Bordeaux Flashcards

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0
Q

What does Merlot add to the Bordeaux Blend?

A

Merlot contributes a fleshy, juicy texture that can soften the austerity of Cab Sauv. Merlot and Cab Franc typically dominate blends on the Right Bank at 3/4 and 1/4 respectively.

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1
Q

What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to the Bordeaux Blend?

A

The highly pigmented and tannic Cab Sauv gives the wines structure, power, and longevity. On Left Bank, Cab Sauv comprises approx 2/3 of blend with Merlot, Cab Franc and others making up the remainder.

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2
Q

What does Cab Franc add to the

Bordeaux Blend?

A

Cab Franc, known as Bouchet on the Right Bank, is a more tannic grape than Merlot but less muscular or weighty than Cab Sauv, imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics.

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3
Q

What does Petit Verdot add to Bordeaux Blend?

A

The inky Petit Verdot, latest to ripen, is occasionally added to Left Bank wines in minute quantity for color, depth and exotic perfume.

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4
Q

What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank and what does it contribute to the Bordeaux Blend?

A

Malbec, known as Pressac on the Right Bank, performs similarly to Merlot in the blend and is infrequently encountered in Bordeaux.

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5
Q

What are the white grapes of Bordeaux–primary and secondaries?

A

Semillon, Sauv Blanc, and Muscadelle dominate Bordeaux white blends; Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, and Columbard are restricted to a max portion of 30%.

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6
Q

How long do the best white wines of Bordeaux typically spend time in barrel?

A

One year to 16 months

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7
Q

What is Gironde Estuary?

A

50 mile stretch northward from city of Bordeaux.

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8
Q

Generic Bordeaux Appellations

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

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9
Q

Medoc AOP–soils and characteristics of the wine.

A

The appellation is generally used by chateaux located in the marshy region of St. Estephe. Merlot is grown in a higher proportion here due to heavy clay content in soils. Wines are at their best in 5 years but do not have concentration and power of wines further south.

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10
Q

What are gravel mounds of soil called in the Haut-Medoc?

A

Croupes

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11
Q

Grand Cru Classe Properties–how many in 1st-5th Growths:

A 
1er Cru: 5 (originally 4)
2eme Cru: 14
3eme Cru: 14
4eme Cru: 10
5eme Cru: 18
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12
Q

Characteristics of wines from St. Estephe:

A

Wines are sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to higher proportion of clay amongst gravel.

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13
Q

What is the most notable Cru Classe of St. Estephe?

A

The 2eme Cru Classe Cos d’Estournel is the most notable making powerful wines in a modern style.

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14
Q

9 Exceptional Estates–the best of the former “Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels”.

4 from St. Estephe:
1 from Medoc:
2 from Moulis:
2 from Margaux:

A

St. Estephe:

  1. Ch. Haut-Marbuzet
  2. Ch. Les Ormes-de-Pez
  3. Ch. de Pez
  4. Ch. Phelan-Segur

Medoc: Ch. Potensac–

Moulis: Ch. Chasse-Spleen*,
Ch. Poujeaux

Margaux: Ch. Lebegorge-Zede,
Ch. Siran

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15
Q

What are the most famous Chateaux in St. Estephe?

A

Ch. Cos d’Estournel (2eme GC Classe)

Ch. Haut-Marbuzet, 
Ch. Les-Ormes-du-Pez
Ch. du Pez (owned by Roederer)
Ch. Phelan-Segur
Ch. Meyney
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16
Q

Classic description of wines from Pauillac.

A

Dark black currant, cedar, cigar box structured with firm tannins.
Pauillac has the deepest gravel mounds in Bordeaux.

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17
Q

Minimum alcohol levels of Left Bank?

A

11%

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18
Q

What are considered the best 2nd growths (from any of the communes) in the 1855 Classifications of Bordeaux?

A

Ch. Cos d’Estournel (St. Estephe)

Ch. Leoville Las Cases
Ch. Ducru-Beaucaillou
both from St. Julien

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19
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux?

A

Soussans, Margaux, Cantenac, Labarde, Arsac

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20
Q

Describe the wines of Margaux.

A

Wines of Margaux are described as feminine with an emphasis in floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.

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21
Q

When did Ch. La Tour Haut Brion, classified for red wines only, produce its final vintage?

A

2005

Now produces fruit for
Ch. La Mission Haut-Brion

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22
Q

When did Ch. Laville Haut-Brion, classified for white wine, produce its final vintage?

A

2008—Now produces fruit for Ch. La Mission Haut-Brion

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23
Q

When was the classification of Graves initiated? How many red wines are included? How many whites?

A

Graves wines were first classified in 1953, with 6 additional wines added in 1959

13 Estates now classified as ‘Cru Classe’

9 Estates Classified as “Cru Classe”

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24
Q

What are the 5 villages of Sauternes?

A

Sauternes, Barsac, Fargues, Preignac, Bommes.

25
Q

Sauternes lies at the confluence of what rivers?

Describe conditions making Botrytis possible in this area.

A

Ciron and Garonne Rivers

Cool morning mists blow off the Ciron and encounter the warmer water of the Garonne, producing autumn afternoon humidity perfect for incubating Botrytis Spores.

26
Q

What is the minimum must weight and grams per liter of sugar in Sauternes?

A

221g/l with wine at 45g/l

27
Q

What years did Ch. d’Yquem not produce wines due to poor weather years?

A

1992, 1974

28
Q

What is name of Ch. d’Yquem’s dry white wine?

A

“Y” or “Ygrec” labelled as Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux Superieur

29
Q

Name the appellations of Graves.

A

Graves AOP–reds and dry whites
Graves Superieur AOP-sweet whites only
Pessac-Leognan AOP- red and dry whites
Cerons AOP, Barsac AOP, and Sauternes AOP Sweet wine only
Dry whites from Sauternes produced as Bordeaux Superieur

30
Q

What are min alcohol levels for reds and white wines in Bordeaux AOP and how does this differ from Bordeaux Superieur AOP?

A

Bordeaux AOP: Reds: 10.5% –
Whites: 10% ABV

Bordeaux Superieur AOP: Reds: 11%
Whites 11%

31
Q

What are the Cru Classe properties of Pessac-Leognan?

A

Pessac, Leognan, Cadaujac, Canejan, Gradignan, Martillac, Merignac, Saint-Medard-d-Eyrans, Talence, Villenave-d’Ornans

32
Q

What appellations may use the new Cotes de Bordeaux moniker from the 2008 vintage forward?

A

Francs, Castillon, Blaye, Cadillac

33
Q

What is the minimum must weight and grams per liter of sugar in Sauternes?

A

221g/l with wine at 45g/l

34
Q

What years did Ch. d’Yquem not produce wines due to poor weather years?

A

1992, 1974

35
Q

What is name of Ch. d’Yquem’s dry white wine?

A

“Y” or “Ygrec” labelled as Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux Superieur

36
Q

Name the appellations of Graves.

A

Graves AOP–reds and dry whites
Graves Superieur AOP-sweet whites only
Pessac-Leognan AOP- red and dry whites
Cerons AOP, Barsac AOP, and Sauternes AOP Sweet wine only
Dry whites from Sauternes produced as Bordeaux Superieur

37
Q

What are min alcohol levels for reds and white wines in Bordeaux AOP and how does this differ from Bordeaux Superieur AOP?

A

Bordeaux AOP: Reds: 10.5% –
Whites: 10% ABV

Bordeaux Superieur AOP: Reds: 11%
Whites 11%

38
Q

What are the Cru Classe properties of Pessac-Leognan?

A

Pessac, Leognan, Cadaujac, Canejan, Gradignan, Martillac, Merignac, Saint-Medard-d-Eyrans, Talence, Villenave-d’Ornans

39
Q

What appellations may use the new Cotes de Bordeaux moniker from the 2008 vintage forward?

A

Francs, Castillon, Blaye, Cadillac

40
Q

Bourg and Cotes de Bourg lie within Blaye. They have predom limestone soils. Who is the famous producer of the region?

A

Chateau Roc de Cambres

41
Q

Blaye and Cotes de Blaye produce what kinds of wine?

A

Blaye AOP produces reds wines

Cotes de Blaye AOP produces whites from a large percentage of Ugni Blanc and Columbard.

42
Q

What is Haut-Benauge?

A

A wine producing district in the Entre-Deux-Mers exclusively for dry white wines.

43
Q

Name the sweet white wine appellations of Entre-Deux-Mers.

A

Loupiac, Ste. Croix-du-Mont, and Cadillac.

Sweet wines are also produced under the Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP.

Cotes-de-Bordeaux-Sainte-Macaire AOP-sec, molleux, or liquereux

44
Q

Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP and Graves de Vayres produce what kinds of wine?

A

Red and white wine

45
Q

Classification of Graves 1959–Reds

A 
Ch. Bouscaut, 
Ch. Carbonnieux, 
Domaine de Chavalier, 
Chateau de Fieuzal
Chateau Haut-Bailly
Ch. Haut-Brion
Ch. Latour-Martillac
Ch. Malartic-Lagraviere
Ch. La Mission Haut-Brion
Ch. Olivier
Ch. Pape-Clement
Ch. Smith-Haut-Lafite
Ch. La Tour-Haut-Brion (final vintage 2005)
46
Q

Describe the famous cotes (limestone) soils of St. Emilion.

A

The Cotes-Limestone descends from St. Emilion down the south and southwest slopes of the hill. Some of most famous properties here. Limestone provides acidity on wines, Cab Franc and Merlot thrive; Cab Sauv does poorly and cannot ripen. The cotes continue to the east through Castillon.

47
Q

Where are the graves soil of St. Emilion?

A

The graves soils are in the northwest corner of St. Emilion on the border with Pomerol. There are good ridges of deep sandy soil here–Figeac and Cheval Blanc are located here–Cab Sauv can grow here in the warm gravelly soils.

48
Q

What are the 3 main soil types of St. Emilion?

A

The Cotes–steep limestone slopes;
the Graves–gravelly limestone;

and the flat alluvial sandy clay with some light outposts of gravel

49
Q

Who was the creator of the ‘Les Garagistes’ movement?

A

Jean-Luc Thunevin and his

Chateau Valandraud

50
Q

Les Garagistes in St. Emilion– Jonathan Maltus–

What wine does he produce?

A

Ch. Teyssier–Le Dome

51
Q

Describe the soils of Pomerol.

A

Sand, clay and gravel, with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay known as ‘crasse de fer’

52
Q

Name some of the more well known producers of Pomerol.

A

Ch. Petrus, Vieux Chateau-Certan,

Ch. Lafleur, Ch. Le Pin, Ch. Trotanoy

53
Q

Name some of the producers in the Garagistes movement.

A

Valandraud and La Mondotte in St. Emilion;

Le Pin in Pomerol

54
Q

What is Cabernet Franc known as is Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

55
Q

Cru Classe in St. Emilion: how many properties in each category?

A

Premier Grand Cru Classe: 4
Premier Grand Cru Classe: 14
Grand Cru Classe: 64

56
Q

Name the 4 Premier Cru Classe: A properties of St. Emilion.

A

Ch. Cheval Blanc
Ch. Ausone
Ch. Angelus
Ch. Pavie

57
Q

Name the 14 Premier Grand Cru Classes B:

A 
Ch. Beau-Sejour Becot
Ch. Beau-Sejour 
Ch. Belair-Monange
Ch. Canon
Ch. Canon-la-Gaffeliere
Ch. Figeac
Ch. Fourtet
Ch. La Gaffeliere
Ch. Larcis-Ducasse
La Mondotte (Garagistes promoted)
Ch. Pavie-Macquin
Ch. Troplong-Mondot
Ch. Trottevieille
Ch. Valandraud (Garagistes promoted)
58
Q

Graves soil type

A

Mixture of sand, gravel and light clay known as boulbenes.

59
Q

In which Right Bank wine is Cabernet Sauvignon a major component to the blend?

A

Ch Figeac–St. Emilion

Wine (45 decks)

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