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Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

Are white wines under Bordeaux Supérieur AOP dry or off-dry?

A

Off-dry

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2
Q

Describe the wines of St-Estèphe.

A

Sturdy and full-bodied with a slightly higher percentage of Merlot, due to a higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

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3
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers lies on the conflux of what two rivers?

A

Dordogne (north) and Garonne (south)

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4
Q

How long are Sauternes generally aged in cask? What type of oak are they usually aged in?

A
  • up to 2 years

- Moderate-to-high percentage of new oak

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5
Q

How long do the best red and white wines of Bordeaux spend in oak?

A
  • Red - 18 months

- White - 16 months

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6
Q

How many acres of the Médoc are planted to white grapes?

A

123 acres

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7
Q

How many chateaux were classified in Graves?

A
  • 13 estates for red
  • 9 estates for white
  • 16 in total
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8
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé are classified for St-Émilion?

A

64

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9
Q

How many Premier Cru Classé B’s are classified for St-Émilion?

A

14

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10
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 2ème Crus are there?

A

14

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11
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 3ème Crus are there?

A

14

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12
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 4ème Crus are there?

A

10

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13
Q

In the 1855 Classification how many 5ème Crus are there?

A

18

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14
Q

Name 3 garagistes producers.

A
  • Le Pin - Pomerol
  • Valandraud - St-Émilion
  • La Mondotte - St-Émilion
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15
Q

Name 5 producers of Pomerol.

A
  • Ch Pétrus
  • Vieux-Chateau-Certan
  • Ch Lafleur
  • Ch Le Pin
  • Ch Trotanoy
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16
Q

Name the 2 lesser appellations of the Médoc.

A
  • Listrac-Médoc AOP

- Moulis-en-Médoc AOP

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17
Q

What are the AOPs of the Médoc?

A
  • Médoc
  • Haut-Médoc
  • St-Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St-Julien
  • Listrac-Médoc
  • Moulis-en-Médoc
  • Margaux
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18
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of what two rivers?

A
  • Ciron

- Garonne

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19
Q

What % of St-Julien is AOP cru classé?

A

≈80%

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20
Q

What AOP encompasses both Blaye and Bourg?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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21
Q

What AOP is for whites produced in Blaye?

A

Cotes de Blaye AOP

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22
Q

What are boulbenes? Where is it most commonly found?

A

A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay that characterizes Graves

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23
Q

What are courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine

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24
Q

What are croupes?

A

Gravel mounds that were unearthed by the Dutch in the 1600s

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25
Q

What are the “super-seconds” of the 1855 Classifications?

A
  • Cos d’Estournel
  • Ch Léoville Las Cases
  • Ch Ducru-Beaucaillou
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26
Q

What are the 4 satellites of St-Émilion?

A
  • Lussac
  • St-Georges
  • Montagne
  • Puisseguin
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27
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux?

A
  • Cantenac
  • Labarde
  • Arsac
  • Margaux
  • Soussans
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28
Q

What are the communes of Pessac-Léognan?

A
  • Pessac
  • Léognan
  • Cadaujac
  • Canéjan
  • Gradignan
  • Martillac
  • Mérignac
  • Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
  • Talence
  • Villenave-d’Ornons
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29
Q

What are the drainage channels of Bordeaux called?

A

Jalles

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30
Q

What are the five villages of Sauternes AOP?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Fargues
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
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31
Q

What are the general Bordeaux Appellations?

A
  • Bordeaux AOP
  • Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
  • Crémant de Bordeaux AOP
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32
Q

What are the grapes and the blend of Bordeaux blanc AOP wines?

A

-Sémillon
-Sauvignon Blanc
-Muscadell
max 30% combined:
-Ugni Blanc
-Merlot Blanc
-Colombard

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33
Q

What are the major communes of the Médoc?

A
  • St-Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St. Julien
  • Listrac-Médoc
  • Moulis-en-Médoc
  • Margaux
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34
Q

What are the sweet white AOPs of Graves?

A
  • Graves Supérieur
  • Cérons
  • Barsac
  • Sauternes
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35
Q

What are the two broad categories of soil in St-Émilion?

A
  • côtes - steep limestone slopes
  • graves - gravelly limestone plateau
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36
Q

What areas of origin may be listed with Côtes de Bordeaux?

A
  • Francs
  • Castillon
  • Blaye
  • Cadillac
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37
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its final vintage in 2008?

A

Chateau Laville Haut-Brion - classified for white wine

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38
Q

What classified chateau of Graves produced its last vintage in 2005?

A

Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion - it was classified for red wine

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39
Q

What color wines are produced in the Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac AOP?

A

Red for both

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40
Q

What color wines are produced under the Côtes de Blaye AOP? From what grapes?

A

White - Ugni Blanc and Colombard

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41
Q

What color wines does Blaye AOP produce?

A

Red

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42
Q

What colors can Médoc AOP wines be?

A

Red only

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43
Q

What commune has the largest number of classified growths?

A

Margaux (21)

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44
Q

What communes are located within Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP?

A
  • Lalande-de-Pomerol

- Néac

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45
Q

What first growths are located in Pauillac?

A
  • Ch Lafite-Rothschild
  • Ch Mouton-Rothschild
  • Ch Latour
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46
Q

What is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

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47
Q

What is Chateau Latour’s annual production?

A

150-180,000 bottles

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48
Q

What is Chateau Le Pin’s annual production?

A

6,000 bottles

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49
Q

What is crasse de fer?

A

Rich clay that dominates Pomerol

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50
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A
  • Formally recognized in 2002
  • From the 2005 vintage forward, 44 small producers in the Médoc have the right to use the appelltion
  • It denots their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
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51
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A
  • Originally intro’d in 1932
  • Divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Supérieur, and Cru Bourgeois
  • It was not official until 2003, when only 247 chateaux retained their status
  • The resulting legal action nullified the entire classification
  • Cru Bourgeois was reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but it is no longer a specific classification
  • The term now acts as a guarantor of quality and chateaux must apply for it regularly, submitting the wines to be blind tasted
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur has been eliminated
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52
Q

What is mainly produced in the Côtes de Bourg?

A

the vast majority is red

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53
Q

What is Malbec known as on the Right Bank?

A

Pressac

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54
Q

What is pourriture noble?

A

Noble rot

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55
Q

What is the largest communal appellation of the Haut-Médoc?

A

Margaux

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56
Q

What is the min must weight for harvest in Sauternes?

A

221 g/l

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57
Q

What is the min RS of Sauternes?

A

45 g/l of RS

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58
Q

What is the traditional method sparkling wine AOP for Bordeaux?

A

Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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59
Q

What may the wines of Barsac be sold as?

A

Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP

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60
Q

What portion of Graves production is white?

A

25.00%

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61
Q

What producer of St Emilion is notable for having Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Chateau Figeac

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62
Q

What relatively common Bordeaux variety is essentially non-existent on the Right Bank?

A

Petit Verdot

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63
Q

What river is the “Right Bank” on?

A

Dordogne River

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64
Q

What river is the Haut-Médoc located on?

A

Gironde Estuary

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65
Q

What size are barriques?

A

225L

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66
Q

What soil type does Cabernet Franc excel in?

A

Limestone-based soils

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67
Q

What style of wines are produced under Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP? Where is it located?

A

Whites:

  • Sec
  • Moelleux
  • Liquereux

Southern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers, borders; borders Haut-Benage to the SE

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68
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves de Vayres AOP? Where is it located?

A

Red and white

Northern portion of Entre-Deux-Mers along the banks of the Dordogne River across from Fronsac

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69
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Graves Supérieur AOP?

A

Sweet whites

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70
Q

What style of wines are produced under the Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red and white

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71
Q

What sweet white AOPs are one the eastern shores of the Garonne?

A

Cadillac AOP
Loupiac AOP
Ste-Croix-du-Mont AOP
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

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72
Q

What style wines can be labeled as Graves AOP?

A

Red and dry whites

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73
Q

What sub-appellation of northern Graves was created in 1987?

A

Pessac-Léognan - it effectively became the prestige appellation for both red and white while sidelining the producers of Southern Graves

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74
Q

What two AOPs may use the geographical designation “Haut-Benauge”?

A
  • Bordeaux AOP

- Entre-Deux-Mers AOP

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75
Q

What two classified chateaux no longer produce wine under their own labels? Both properties now supply fruit for a second red and a new white wine under what label?

A
  • Ch La Tour Haut-Brion & Ch Laville Haut-Brion

- Ch La Mission Haut-Brion

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76
Q

What vintages from 1900-1950 did Ch d’Yquem not produce wine?

A

10, ‘15, ‘30, ‘51, ‘52

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77
Q

What vintages since 1960 has Chateau d’Yquem not produced wine?

A

64, ‘72, ‘74, ‘92, 2012

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78
Q

What was the first identifiable vineyard estate in Bordeaux?

A

Chateau Pape-Clément in 1305

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79
Q

What was the only Chateau in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux that was for both red and white?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion in Graves

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80
Q

What year was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild upgraded?

A

1973

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81
Q

When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its final vintage?

A

2005

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82
Q

When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produced its final vintage?

A

2008

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83
Q

When did Cru Artisan become formally recognized?

A

2002

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84
Q

When were the three-tier ranking of chateaux of St-Émilion? When were the revisions made?

A
  • 1954 (published in 1955)

- ‘69, ‘85, ‘96, ‘06, ‘12

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85
Q

When were the wines of Graves first and last classified? What changed?

A
  • 1953

- 1959 - six wines were added

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86
Q

When were the wines of Sauternes classified?

A

Alongside those of the Médoc in 1855

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87
Q

Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?

A

Bourg - they were well regarded until being eclipsed in the late 1600s by the Médoc and Graves

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88
Q

Where in the Haut-Médoc is the gravel topsoil at its deepest point?

A

Pauillac

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89
Q

Where is Ch Chasse-Spleen located?

A

Moulis

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90
Q

Where is Chateau Roc de Cambes located?

A

Cotes de Bourg

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91
Q

Which of the major communes of the Médoc produces the least wine?

A

St-Julien

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92
Q

Who commissioned and carried our the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?

A
  • Emperor Napoleon III commissioned it

- Courtiers carried it out

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93
Q

Who organized the classification of Graves?

A

INAO

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94
Q

Who produces the “Crème de Tête”? What is special about it?

A
  • Chateau Gilette (Sauternes)

- A decade-long maturation in concrete vats

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95
Q

Bordeaux is France’s largest wine appellation at ______ acres

A

306,000

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96
Q

Who provided the framework for the Medoc? What did they do?

A

The Dutch. They created a complex series of drainage channels throughout the area, making it suitable for viticulture in the mid 1600s

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97
Q

Bordeaux’s historical rise and commercial success is linked to?

A

A intermediary for wine who buys fruit or wine in barrels to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine.

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98
Q

En primeur

A

Yearly sales offering Bordeaux wines as futures

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99
Q

Basic Bordeaux climate

A

Maritime. Short winters, damp springs, hot summers.

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100
Q

What are the climate moderators for Bordeaux?

A

The Atlantic and Gironde estuary (prevent winter freezes & spring frosts). Coastal pine forests (protect Medoc vineyards from harsh W & NW winds).

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101
Q

St Émilion & Pomerol climate

A

More continental, less maritime

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102
Q

Climate worries

A

Spring humidity -> mold & rot. Autumn humidity -> grey rot (in cooler years). Also, rain.

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103
Q

What is a clairet wine?

A

A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evoke the original claret wines shipped to England during the Middle Ages.

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104
Q

Bordeaux AOP - grapes allowed (red)

A

Cab Sauvignon, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petite Verdot, Malbec

Max 5% combined Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional

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105
Q

What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to blends?

A

Structure, power, & longevity. Also, black currant and violets

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106
Q

What does Merlot add to blends?

A

Fleshy, juicy texture that can soften the austerity of cab sauv. Also softness and richness

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107
Q

What does Cabernet Franc add to blends?

A

Herbal spices and red fruit aromatics. It is more tannic than merlot but less muscular/ weighty than can sauv.

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108
Q

What does Petit Verdot add to blends?

A

Added for color, depth, and exotic perfume

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109
Q

What is the last of the Bordeaux red grapes to ripen?

A

Petit Verdot

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110
Q

Medoc AOP covers what area?

A

The entire wine- producing left bank of the Gironde Estuary, a 50 mile stretch northward from the city of Bordeaux. It encompasses the Haut- Medoc.

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111
Q

Medoc AOP- wine styles

A

Red only

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112
Q

Bas-Medoc

A

Northern region of Medoc. More merlot grown here than in Haut Medoc. Clay heavy soils.

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113
Q

Haut-Medoc AOP covers what area?

A

A narrow corridor of land on the left bank in the southern Médoc.

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114
Q

Cru Artisan denotes:

A

The place has exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large- scale operations

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115
Q

Cru Bourgeois was originally introduced in ____ and became official in ____.

A

1933; 2003

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116
Q

Cru Bourgeois denotes:

A

A gaurantor of quality. A chateau must apply for it regularly

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117
Q

1st recorded example of a name brand chateau

A

Ho-Bryan. 1663

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118
Q

2 soils of St Émilion

A

Côtes & graves

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119
Q

Côtes

A

Hillsides with steep limestone slopes

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120
Q

Graves

A

Gravelly limestone plateaus.

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121
Q

As of 2012, how many Grand Cru Classé As are there?

A

4

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122
Q

Name the 4 Grand Cru Classé As of St Émilion

A

Château Angélus, Château Pavie, Château Cheval Blanc and Château Ausone

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123
Q

Which two chateaux were promoted to classé A in 2012?

A

Château Pavie and Angelus

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124
Q

How many Grand Cru Classé Bs are there?

A

14

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125
Q

Name the classé B of St Émilion.

A 
Clos Fourtet,
Château la Gaffelière,
Château Beauséjour,
Château Larcis Ducasse,
Château Beau-Séjour-Bécot,
La Mondotte,
Château Bélair-Monange,
Château Canon, Macquin,
Château Canon la Gaffelière,
Château Troplong Mondot,
Château Trottevieille,
Château Figeac,
Château Valandraud
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126
Q

What does St Émilion Grand Cru AOP refer to?

A

It’s an appelation, not a classification, in which the wines are required to show an additional +.5% alcohol and must undergo longer élevage.

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127
Q

Garagistes movement

A

In the latter decades of the 20th century a new trend of “microchâteau” developed. These small château make powerfully ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful of acres.

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128
Q

Bordeaux is part of which department?

A

Gironde

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129
Q

Viticulture concerns

A

Fungal disease and various levels of ripening because of cloud cover and rainfall

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130
Q

What is the dominating trade structure?

A

La place de Bordeaux

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131
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture. What does it help prevent?

A

A mixture of lime, copper sulfate and water. Prevents fungal diseases.

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132
Q

What are the 6 permitted white varieties - Bordeaux AOP?

A

Min 70% combined Semillion, Sauv Blanc, Muscadelle, Sauvignon Gris

Max 30% combined Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard, Alvarinho, Liliorila

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133
Q

What is the restriction for ugni blanc, merlot blanc, and colombard?

A

Maximum 30% of blend

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134
Q

Name the superior first growth of Sauternes

A

Chat d’yquem

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135
Q

Name 5 of the 11 first growths of Sauternes

A

Chat. La tour blanche. Chat. Lafaurie Peyraguey. Chat. Clos Haut Peyraguey. Chat. De Rayne vigneau. Chat. Suduiraut. Chat. Coutet. Chat. Climens. Chat. Guiraud. Chat. Rieussec. Chat. Rabaud Promis. Chat sigalas Rabaud.

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136
Q

Name 5 of the 15 second growths of Sauternes

A

Chat. Doisy Daene. Chat filhot. Chat. Caillou. Chat de Myrat. Chat Suau.

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137
Q

Which 6 chateau are classified for both red and white wines in the graves classification?

A

Chateau Carbonnieux. Domaine de Chevalier. Chateau Malartic- Lagraviere. Chateau Olivier. Chateau Bouscaut. Chateau Latour- Martillac.

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138
Q

What are the red wine only chateaux in the graves classification?

A

De Fieuzal. Haut Bailly. Haut Brion. La Mission Haut Brion. Pape Clement. Smith Haut Lafite. La tour Haut Brion.

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139
Q

What chateau are for white wines only in the graves classification?

A

Couhins. Couhins-Lurton. Laville Haut Brion.

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140
Q

What is the second label of Cos d’Estournel?

A

Les Pagodes de Cos

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141
Q

What is the second label of Montrose?

A

La Dame du Montrose

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142
Q

What is the second label of Calon Segur?

A

Marquis de Calon

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143
Q

What is the second label of Lafon Rochet?

A

Les Pelerins de Lafon Rochet

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144
Q

What is the second label of Lafite Rothschild?

A

Carruades de Lafite

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145
Q

What is the second label of Latour?

A

Les Forts de Latour

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146
Q

What is the second label of Mouton Rothschild?

A

Petit Mouton

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147
Q

What is the second label of Pichon Baron?

A

Tourelles de Longueville

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148
Q

What is the second label of Pichon Lalande?

A

Reserve de la Comtesse

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149
Q

What is the second label of Lynch Bages?

A

Echo de Lynch Bages (as of ‘08)

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150
Q

What is the second label of Pontet Canet?

A

Les Hauts de Pontet

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151
Q

What is the second label of Ducru Beaucaillou?

A

La Croix du Beaucaillou

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152
Q

What is the second label of Gruaud Larose?

A

Sarget de Gruaud Larose

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153
Q

What is the second label of Leoville las Cases?

A

Le Petit Lion du Marquis de las Cases

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154
Q

What is the second label of Lagrange?

A

Les Feifs de Lagrange

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155
Q

What is the second label of Beychevelle?

A

Amiral de Beychevelle

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156
Q

What is the second label of Branaire Ducru?

A

Chateau Duluc

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157
Q

What is the second label of Talbot?

A

Connetable de Talbot

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158
Q

What is the second label of Margaux?

A

Pavillon Rouge

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159
Q

What is the second label of Dufort Vivens?

A

Vivens Rouge

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160
Q

What is the second label of Lascombes?

A

Chevalier de Lascombes

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161
Q

What is the second label of Palmer?

A

Alter Ego

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162
Q

What is the second label of Carbonnieux?

A

La Tour Leognan

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163
Q

What is the second label of Domaine de Chevalier?

A

L’Espirit de Chevalier

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164
Q

What is the second label of Haut Brion?

A

R- Le Clarence de Haut Brion

W- La Clarte de Haut Brion

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165
Q

What is the second label of Pape Clement?

A

Le Clementin du Pape Clement

166
Q

What is the second label of Smith Haut Lafite?

A

Les Hauts de Smith

167
Q

What is the second label of Rieussec?

A

Carmes de Rieussec

168
Q

What is the second label of Suduiraut?

A

Castelnau de Suduiraut

169
Q

What is the second label of Ausone?

A

Chapelle d’Ausone

170
Q

What is the second label of Angelus?

A

Carillon d’Angelus

171
Q

What is the second label of Pavie?

A

Espirit de Pavie (as of ‘08)

172
Q

What is the second label of Gigeac?

A

La Grange Neuve de Figeac

173
Q

What is the second label of Valandraud?

A

Virginie de Valandraud

174
Q

What is the second label of Clinet?

A

Fleur de Clinet

175
Q

What is the second label of La Conseillante?

A

Duo de Conseillante (as of ‘07)

176
Q

What is the second label of Trotanoy?

A

Esperance de Trotanoy

177
Q

What is the second label of Vieux Chateau Certan?

A

La Gravette de Certan

178
Q

What is the location and growth of Lafite Rothschil?

A

1st, Pauillac

179
Q

What is the location and growth of Latour?

A

1st, Pauillac

180
Q

What is the location and growth of Margaux?

A

1st, Margaux

181
Q

What is the location and growth of Haut Brion?

A

1st, Graves (Pessac-Leognan)

182
Q

What is the location and growth of Mouton Rothschild?

A

1st, Pauillac (as of ‘73)

183
Q

What is the location and growth of Cos d’Estournel?

A

2nd, St. Estephe

184
Q

What is the location and growth of Montrose?

A

2nd, St. Estephe

185
Q

What is the location and growth of Pichon Longueville Baron?

A

2nd, Pauillac

186
Q

What is the location and growth of Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

A

2nd, Pauillac

187
Q

What is the location and growth of Leoville las Cases?

A

2nd, St. Julien

188
Q

What is the location and growth of Leoville Poyferre?

A

2nd, St. Julien

189
Q

What is the location and growth of Leoville Barton?

A

2nd, St. Julien

190
Q

What is the location and growth of Gruaud Larose?

A

2nd, St. Julien

191
Q

What is the location and growth of Ducru Beaucaillou?

A

2nd, St. Julien

192
Q

What is the location and growth of Rauzan Segla?

A

2nd, Margaux

193
Q

What is the location and growth of Rauzan Gassies?

A

2nd, Margaux

194
Q

What is the location and growth of Durfort Vivens?

A

2nd, Margaux

195
Q

What is the location and growth of Lascombes?

A

2nd, Margaux

196
Q

What is the location and growth of Brane Cantenac?

A

2nd, Margaux (Cantenac-Margaux)

197
Q

What is the location and growth of Calon Segur?

A

3rd, St Estephe

198
Q

What is the location and growth of Lagrange?

A

3rd, St. Julien

199
Q

What is the location and growth of Langoa Barton?

A

3rd, St. Julien

200
Q

What is the location and growth of Malescot St. Exupery?

A

3rd, Margaux

201
Q

What is the location and growth of Desmirail?

A

3rd, Margaux

202
Q

What is the location and growth of Ferriere?

A

3rd, Margaux

203
Q

What is the location and growth of Marquis d’Alesme Becker?

A

3rd, Margaux

204
Q

What is the location and growth of Kirwan?

A

3rd, Margauc (Cantenac)

205
Q

What is the location and growth of d’Issan?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

206
Q

What is the location and growth of Boyd Cantenac?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

207
Q

What is the location and growth of Cantenac Brown?

A

3rd, Margauc (Cantenac)

208
Q

What is the location and growth of Palmer?

A

3rd, Margaux (Cantenac)

209
Q

What is the location and growth of Giscours?

A

3rd, Margaux (Labarde)

210
Q

What is the location and growth of La Lagune?

A

3rd, Haut Medoc (Ludon)

211
Q

What is the location and growth of Lafon Rochet?

A

4th, St. Estephe

212
Q

What is the location and growth of Duhart Milon Rothschild?

A

4th, Pauillac

213
Q

What is the location and growth of Saint Pierre?

A

4th, St. Julien

214
Q

What is the location and growth of Talbot?

A

4th, St. Julien

215
Q

What is the location and growth of Branaire Ducru?

A

4th, St. Julien

216
Q

What is the location and growth of Beychevelle?

A

4th, St. Julien

217
Q

What is the location and growth of Marquis de Terme?

A

4th, St. Julien

218
Q

What is the location and growth of Pouget?

A

4th, Margaux (Cantenac)

219
Q

What is the location and growth of Prieure-Lichine?

A

4th, Margaux (Cantenac)

220
Q

What is the location and growth of La Tour Carnet?

A

4th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)

221
Q

What is the location and growth of Cos Labory?

A

5th, St. Estephe

222
Q

What is the location and growth of Pontet Canet?

A

5th, Pauillac

223
Q

What is the location and growth of Batailley?

A

5th, Pauillac

224
Q

What is the location and growth of Haut Batailley?

A

5th, Pauillac

225
Q

What is the location and growth of Haut Bages Liberal?

A

5th, Pauillac

226
Q

What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Lacose?

A

5th, Pauillac

227
Q

What is the location and growth of Grand Puy Ducasse?

A

5th, Pauillac

228
Q

What is the location and growth of Lynch Bages?

A

5th, Pauillac

229
Q

What is the location and growth of Lynch Moussas?

A

5th, Pauillac

230
Q

What is the location and growth of d’Armailhac?

A

5th, Pauillac (previously Mouton Baronne Philippe until 1989)

231
Q

What is the location and growth of Pedesclaux?

A

5th, Pauillac

232
Q

What is the location and growth of Clerc-Milon?

A

5th, Pauillac

233
Q

What is the location and growth of Croizet Bages?

A

5th, Pauillac

234
Q

What is the location and growth of Dauzac?

A

5th, Margaux (Labarde)

235
Q

What is the location and growth of du Tertre?

A

5th, Margaux (Arsac)

236
Q

What is the location and growth of Belgrave?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurent)

237
Q

What is the location and growth of de Camensac?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (St. Laurant)

238
Q

What is the location and growth of Cantemerle?

A

5th, Haut Medoc (Macau) (added in 1856)

239
Q

What are the New Bordeaux Grape Varietals approved by CIVB in January 2021?

A

4 new red varieties;
Touriga Nacional,
Marselan (Cabernet Sauvignon x Grenache Noir), Castets,
Arinarnoa (Cabernet Sauvignon xTannat)

2 white grapes;
Alvarinho 
Liliorila (Baroque x Chardonnay).
240
Q

What is the single most dangerous weather element in Bordeaux?

A

Rain, particularly at harvest.

241
Q

What is the Ciron?

A

A tributary of the Garonne cutting through Barsac and Sauternes, creating a “T” that contributes to botrytis.

242
Q

What is higher: max yield for the Médoc/Haut-Médoc, or max yield for St-Estèphe, Paulliac, St-Julien, and the other communal appellations?

A

Médoc/Haut-Médoc @ 55hl/h v. 57 for the named communes

243
Q

What are the communes of Pauillac?

A 
Pauillac
St-Estèphe
St-Julien-Beychevelle
Cissac-Médoc
Saint-Saveur
244
Q

What are the communes of St-Julien?

A

Pauillac
St-Julien-Beychevelle
St-Laurent-Médoc
Cussac-Fort-Médoc

245
Q

What is the “super-second” of St-Estèphe?

A

Cos d’Estournel

246
Q

What are the Super Seconds of St-Julien?

A

Léoville-Las-Cases

Ducru-Beaucaillou

247
Q

What are the communes of Margaux?

A 
Soussans
Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
248
Q

What are boulbenes?

A

A mix of sand, gravel, and light clay found in Graves

249
Q

What was the Graves Classification created, and when was it revised?

A

1953

1959

250
Q

What was the last vintage for La Tour Haut-Brion, and what is it now used for?

A

2005

Blended into the second wine of La Mission Haut-Brion: La Chapelle de la Mission Haut-Brion

251
Q

Notable unclassified estates of the Médoc

A

Potensac (Médoc)
Sociando-Mallet (Haut-Médoc)
Chasse-Spleen (Moulis)
Poujeaux (Moulis)

252
Q

What château originally classified in 1855 is no longer part of the classification?

A

Château Dubignon, a third growth of Margaux.
It was absorbed into Malescot-St-Exupéry post-phylloxera in the 1870’s. From 1901 to 1960 it was its own estate labeled Dubignon-Talbot and classed as Cru Bourgeois Superieur/Ancienc Troisieme Cru; later parceled and sold off.

253
Q

What marks the border between St. Estèphe and Pauillac? What two estates does it divide?

A

The Jalle de Breuil.

Cos d’Estournel and Lafite-Rothschild.

254
Q

What is calcaire à astéries?

A

Starfish limestone, the bedrock of the Left Bank; younger than Jurassic limestone, containing starfish fossils

255
Q

What is the soil composition of Pomerol?

A

Gravel over Frondais Molasse (sandy clay) and Crasse de Fer (iron rich wind sediments)

256
Q

What is pressac?

A

Malbec (Right Bank)

257
Q

What is bouchet?

A

Cabernet Franc (Right Bank)

258
Q

Which St-Émilion château uses a high % of Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Château Figeac
35% Cab Sauv
35% Cab Franc
30% Merlot

259
Q

What are the two major soil structures of St-Émilion?

A

Côtes: Steep limestone slopes

Graves: gravelly limestone plateau

260
Q

What are Sables Anciens?

A

Very Old Sand - often seen in St-Émilion

261
Q

When was St-Émilion first classified, and when was it revised?

A

1955

1969, 1985, 1996, 2006, 2012

262
Q

What is St-Émilion Grand Cru?

A

An AOP covering the same ground as St-Émilion;
wines are required to have higher minimum alcohol (11.5% v. 11%)
and longer elevage (Released May 15 v. April 15 of the year following the harvest).

263
Q

What are the communes of Pomerol?

A

Libourne

Pomerol

264
Q

What are the communes of Lalande-de-Pomerol?

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol

Néac

265
Q

Four satellites of St-Émilion

A

St-George-St-Émilion
Montagne-St-Émilion
Lussac-St-Émilion
Puisseguin-St-Émilion

266
Q

Pomerol Satellites

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol
Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac

267
Q

In 1973, what two former satellites of St-Émilion merged with Montagne and St-Émilion respectively?

A

Parsac-St-Émilion (Montagne)

Sables-St-Émilion (St Emilion)

268
Q

In addition to the côtes and graves, what other two main soil types will you find in St-Emilion?

A

Sand over clay in the northwest, near Pomerol.

More alluvial soils in the south, close to the Dordogne.

269
Q

What are the two most famous garagiste producers?

A

Valandraud

Mondotte

270
Q

What is the highest-elevation subzone of St-Émilion?

A

Puisseguin-St-Émilion (89m)

271
Q

What stream separates St-Émilion from Montagne-St-Émilion?

A

The Barbanne

272
Q

What other satellite has the option of labeling as Montagne-St-Émilion?

A

St-George-St-Émilion

273
Q

What are the requirements for Saint Emilion Grand Cru Classe?

A 
Submitted to a tasting panel, judged on a 20 point scale
14/20 for Grand Cru Classe
50% Tasting of 10 vintages
20% Topography and soil
10% viticulture and winemaking
20% reputation of the estate
274
Q

What are the requirements for Saint Emilion Premier Grand Cru Classe?

A

Submitted to a tasting panel, judged on a 20 point scale
16/20 for Grand Cru Classe
30% Tasting of additional 5 vintages (15 vintages total)
30% Topography and soil
5% Viticulture and winemaking
35% Reputation of the estate

275
Q

Where is the Isle River?

A

A tributary of the Dordogne, separating Fronsac and Lalande-de-Pomerol.

276
Q

Name the Premiers Grands Crus Classés B of St. Emilion

A 
Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Beau-Séjour Bécot
Bélair Monange
Canon
Canon-la Gaffelière
Figeac
Clos Fourtet
La Gaffelière
Larcis Ducasse
La Mondotte
Pavie-Macquin
Troplong Mondot
Trotte Vieille
Valandraud
277
Q

Which chateaux were elevated to Premier Cru Classé A in 2012?

A

Angélus

Pavie

278
Q

Which chateaux were elevated to Premier Cru Classé B in 2012?

A 
Canon-la-Gaffelière
Larcis Ducasse
La Mondotte
Pavie-Macquin (2006)
Troplong Mondot (2006)
Valandraud
279
Q

Which two chateaux were promoted in 2006, and allowed to keep the status even after the classification was voided?

A

Pavie-Macquin

Troplong Mondot

280
Q

Bordeaux’s climate is influenced by the:

A

Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean
and influence funneled inland by the Gironde Estuary

281
Q

Bordeaux’s climate:

A

Maritime

Warm summers, cool winters, without spikes of temperature an extreme seasonaility

282
Q

How much rainfall does the Medoc receive annually?

A

950mm
More than any other region in France
Rainfall decreases slightly as you move inland

283
Q

What parallel does Bordeaux fall on?

A

Just north of the 45th

284
Q

What other factors influence Bordeax’s climate?

A

The balmy Atlantic Gulf Stream, bringing warm waters up from the Caribbean, keeping the climate mild

285
Q

Bordeaux Winkler Scale?

A

Region II
Average temperature in Aug is 26

286
Q

How does Bordeaux differ from other Cabernet-growing regions of the US?

A

It doesn’t experience a sizeable diurnal shift

287
Q

Most planted white and red grapes of Bordeaux?

A

Merlot (63%)
Semillon (45%)

288
Q

What is the chemical name for pyrazaine?

A

2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine

289
Q

When does Merlot ripen in relation to Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Up to two weeks earlier

290
Q

What does Cabernet Franc add to a blend?

A

Acidity and aromatics

291
Q

What does Petit Verdot add to a blend?

A

Color, exotic spice, floral perfume, and a tannic backbone

291
Q

What is Sauvignon Gris?

A

A genetically-identical, earlier-ripening strain of Sauvignon Blanc

292
Q

How many individual AOP’s are in Bordeaux?

A

39
CIVB says 60, but overstatement

293
Q

Three Regional AOP’s?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

All cover entire area of Bordeaux

294
Q

AOP Hierarchy:

A

Regional AOP’s (3)
Sub-Regions ( Medoc, Entre, Cotes)
“Village” (may be single commune or cluster)
*No single estate or single vineyard appellations

295
Q

How large are “village” AOP’s?

A

more than 1000 ha

296
Q

What can be produced under the broad Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red, white, (sec, off-dry, medium-sweet) rose, and clairet

297
Q

What can be produced under the Bordeaux Superieur AOP?

A

Limited to red and medium-sweet white

298
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux requirements:

A

Generic outlet for whites and rose sparkling
Traditional method
At least 9 months on the lees

299
Q

What departments does the Atlantique IGP encompass?

A

Gironde
Charente
Charente-Maritime
Dordogne
Lot-et-Garonne

300
Q

What was Bordeaux previously called in Celtic times?

A

Burdigala

301
Q

How many chateaux are in the 1855 Classification today?

A

61 estates for red
27 estates for white

302
Q

What is the Liv-Ex Classification?

A

In the manner of the original 1855 Classification, the London International Vitner’s Exchange has published a biennial list of the top wines of Bordeaux since 2009. This list is based on current trading prices on the exchange and only Left Bank red wines are considered. It can be a better indicator or current performance.

303
Q

What is the Bordeaux Mixture?

A

a copper sulfate-lime concoction

304
Q

Who was the first estate to begin estate-bottling?

A

Mouton-Rothschild, 1924

305
Q

How does Bordeaux rank as an exporter?

A

They’re France’s largest still wine exporter

306
Q

What is the Place de Bordeaux?

A

It’s a three-tier, de facto system of wine production, brokerage, and sales that controls the trade of wine in Bordeaux.

Chateau tier - typically aristocracy or the church
Sales tier - merchant class
Broker tier - acted as intermediary between two classes

307
Q

Which major chateau opted out of En Primeur in 2012?

A

Chateau Latour

308
Q

How does land ownership differ between Burgundy and Bordeaux?

A

Burgundy - premier/grand are won or lost through ownership

Bordeaux - producers can add or subtract holdings from non-adjacent parcels

309
Q

How does vine-training differ in parts of Bordeaux?

A

Left Bank - Double Guyot
Right Bank - Simple Guyot
Sauternes - Cordon

310
Q

Why do we see more Cordon training in Sauternes?

A

It encourages smaller berries that attract botrytis

311
Q

What does “green harvesting” encourage?

A

Smaller berries, reduces vigor

312
Q

What technique, from Madiran, is employed to soften super-tannic grapes?

A

Micro-oxygenation
Softens green, rustic, tannic grapes

313
Q

Second wines of the Medoc tend to have a greater proportion of ________ compared Grands Vins.

A

Merlot
They also typically see less new oak

314
Q

What man-made forest shields the Medoc from the Atlantic weather and winds?

A

Landes Forest - coastal pines

315
Q

What famous unclassified growth do we find in the Haut-Medoc?

A

Chateau Sociando-Mallet
A small strip of land north of Saint-Estephe

316
Q

Which Medoc commune has been described as “least impressive”?

A

Saint-Estephe AOP
Only five classified estates
Characterized as rustic, aggressive, and sturdy, taking years to soften

317
Q

Where do we find the deepest “croupes” in Bordeaux?

A

Pauillac

318
Q

How many first growths is Pauillac home to?

A

Three

319
Q

What “style” is Pauillac known for?

A

Power - dark, firm, brooding wines that require years to cellar/unclench

320
Q

Most Pauillac Grands Vins include 80-95% _________

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

321
Q

How many classified growths in St. Julien?

A

11
Highest proportion of classified growths in the Medoc

322
Q

Describe Saint-Julien’s style:

A

Defined by what it’s not, elegant without being Margaux, firm without the power of Pauillac

323
Q

How is the soil different in Margaux?

A

Firstly, lower in elevation, more broad, wider diversity of soil. Gravel is more shallow, leads to earlier ripening. Also sand, limestone, and clay.

324
Q

How many classified growths does Margaux have?

A

21
Led by Chateau Margaux
and the over-performing Chateau Palmer

325
Q

Style of Margaux wines?

A

More aromatic, silkier, lighter in body

326
Q

The Moulis appellation shares the western edge of the _________ with Saint-Julien

A

Grand Poujeaux Croupe

327
Q

Moulis AOP is known for which Cru Bourgeois producers?

A

Chateau Chasse-Spleen
Chateau Poujeaux

328
Q

Which two other classifications exist for wines of the Medoc?

A

Cru Bourgeois
Cru Artisan

329
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A

Around for half a century, recognized in 2002
44 small producers originally, now 36
Stewards of the land and the craft of wine-making without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
Average 6ha each

330
Q

What separates Graves from the Atlantic Ocean?

A

The Landes Forest

331
Q

_____ is the only major region of Bordeaux to produce top examples of all three main styles of Bordeaux

A

Graves

332
Q

What are the two regional AOP’s for Graves?

A

Graves AOP - dry red and white
Graves Superieur - only sweet wine production

333
Q

What styles of wine does the Pessac-Leognan AOP allow?

A

Still Red and White

334
Q

What communes are the first growths located in?

A

Haut Brion - Pessac Leognan
Chateau Margaux - Margaux
Chateau Latour - Pauillac
Chateau Lafite - Pauillac
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild - Pauillac

335
Q

What communes make up the Sauternes appellation?

A

Sauternes
Bommes
Fargues
Preignac
Barsac

336
Q

All three modern Leoville domaines in Saint-Julien and Chateau Palmer used to belong to a single nobleman:

A

Alexander de Gasq

337
Q

What is the “priviledge de la barrique”

A

a protectionist measure that entitled Bordeaux wines alone to storage and shipment in barrique (225L). Made of superior wood, the barrel gave Bordeaux wines certain advantages with shipping.

338
Q

Bordeaux: 2000 vintage

A

A very dry summer, produced exactly the style of late-picked, ripe, and ready wines that Parker likes

339
Q

Bordeaux: 2003 vintage

A

Ultra-hot year, producing super-ripe, low-acid wines. Initially liked by Americans but fell off.

340
Q

Bordeaux: 2005 vintage

A

Universally lauded as another vintage of the century.

341
Q

Bordeaux: 2009 and 2010 vintages

A

Universally lauded as ANOTHER vintage of the century.

342
Q

Bordeaux: 2002 and 2007

A

Thinner, rainier interludes

343
Q

Threats to Bordeaux’s viticulture?

A

Powdery Mildew
Downy Mildew

344
Q

Biodynamic estate in Bordeaux?

A

Chateau Pontet-Canet

345
Q

Other names for Botrytis Cinerea:

A

Pourriture Noble
Noble Rot

346
Q

In what vintages did d’Yquem opt to not make wine?

A

2012
1992
1974
1972
1964
1952
1951
1930
1915
1910

347
Q

In what vessel is Sauternes fermented?

A

open-top barrique
heavy does of elevage sulfur to reduce VA and referementation

348
Q

Is cryoextraction and chapitalization allowed in Sauternes?

A

Yes, although viewed as a failure

349
Q

What grapes are allowed in Sauternes AOP?

A

Muscadelle
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Gris
Sémillon

350
Q

What’s the min must weight of Sauternes?

A

Minimum Must Weight: 221 g/l

351
Q

What’s the min RS for Sauternes?

A

Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l

352
Q

Harvest requirements for Sauternes?

A

Harvest Method: botrytis-affected grapes must be hand-harvested in successive tries

353
Q

When may Sauternes be released?

A

Élevage: The wines may not be released until June 30 of the year following the harvest

354
Q

What Graves AOP’s are authorized for Blanc Liquoreux?

A

Graves Supérieures AOP
Cérons AOP
Barsac AOP
Sauternes AOP

355
Q

What two Graves AOP’s are authorized for Red and Blanc Sec?

A

Graves AOP
Pessac-Leognan AOP

356
Q

What classifications exist in Bordeaux?

A

1855 Classification of Bordeaux 1855 1973
Classification of Sauternes (1855) 1855 1855
Classification of Graves (1959) 1953 1959
Classification of St. Émilion (2022) 1955 2022
Cru Artisan Classification (2022) 2002 2016
Cru Bourgeois Classification (2020) 2003 2020

Created/Last Modified

357
Q

List the First Growths (Premiers Crus)

A

Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Latour, Pauillac
Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Haut-Brion, Graves
Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac: Originally classified as a second growth, the estate was elevated in 1973.

358
Q

List the Second Growths (Deuxièmes Crus):

A

Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac
Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)

359
Q

List the Third Growths (Troisièmes Crus):

A

Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

360
Q

List the Fourth Growths (Quatrièmes Crus):

A

Château Lafon-Rochet, Saint-Estèphe
Château Duhart-Milon-Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Saint-Pierre, Saint-Julien
Château Talbot, Saint-Julien
Château Branaire-Ducru, Saint-Julien
Château Beychevelle, Saint-Julien
Château Marquis de Terme, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Pouget, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Prieuré-Lichine, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)

361
Q

List the Fifth Growths (Cinquièmes Crus):

A

Château Cos Labory, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pontet-Canet, Pauillac
Château Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Bages-Libéral, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Bages, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Moussas, Pauillac
Château d’Armailhac, Pauillac: (This estate was known as Mouton-Baronne-Philippe from 1933-1988.)
Château Pédesclaux, Pauillac
Château Clerc-Milon, Pauillac
Château Croizet Bages, Pauillac
Château Dauzac, Margaux (Labarde)
Château du Tertre, Margaux (Arsac)
Château Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (Macau)

362
Q

Name 3 of the 5 accessory varieties permitted for Bordeaux Blanc.

A

Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard, Alvarinho, Liliorila

363
Q

Accessory varieties may account for a maximum _____% of Bordeaux Blanc and _____% for Bordeaux Rouge.

A

30%; 5%

364
Q

When was the first Classification of Graves? Last modification?

A

1953; 1959

365
Q

What 3 viticultural diseases arrived in succession to Bordeaux in the second half of the 19th century?

A

Oidium (powdery mildew), Phylloxera, and Peronospera (downy mildew)

366
Q

Which vintage of Bordeaux was considered a “breakout” and found an influx of interest from the American market?

A

1982

367
Q

The vineyards of Sauternes are situated near the confluence of 2 rivers, the ______________ and ____________.

A

Garonne and Ciron

368
Q

Which famous Saint-Émilion producer notably leads with Cabernet Sauvignon in its grand vin?

A

Château Figeac

369
Q

Name the 4 formerly ranked châteaux that withdrew from Saint-Émilion’s classification.

A

Angelus, Ausone, Cheval Blanc, and La Gaffelière

370
Q

State the growth and commune for the following classified châteaux:

a. Château Rauzan-Ségla
b. Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste
c. Château Beychevelle
d. Château Calon-Ségur
e. Château Talbot				
f.  Château Clerc-Milon		
g. Château Montrose
A

a. Château Rauzan-Ségla 2nd; Margaux
b. Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste 5th; Pauillac
c. Château Beychevelle 4th; St-Julien
d. Château Calon-Ségur 3rd; St-Estèphe
e. Château Talbot 4th; St-Julien
f. Château Clerc-Milon 5th; Pauillac
g. Château Montrose 2nd; St-Estèphe

371
Q

What are the four accessory varieties allowed in red Bordeaux?

A

Touriga Nacional, Castets, Marselan, Arinarnoa

372
Q

What are the seven accessory varieties allowed in white Bordeaux?

A

Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Alvarinho, Liliorila, Floréal Blanc, Sauvignac Blanc, Souvignier Gris (confusingly the Cahier doesn’t mention Colombard, Mauzac, or Ondenc although they’re frequently cited as allowable accessory varieties)

373
Q

What are the legal requirements within Bordeaux Supérieur Blanc for residual sugar?

A

Must be greater than 17 grams/liter

374
Q

What river provides the cool, fog-generating, botrytis-inducing environment of Sauternes as it meets with the Garonne?

A

The Ciron

375
Q

What is the IGP for Bordeaux?

A

Atlantique IGP

376
Q

Prior to 1998 Château Palmer’s 2nd wine went by a different name, what was that name?

A

Réserve du Général

377
Q

What classified growth is known for having an old plot of Carmenère (even if it only makes up 1% of the possible blend)?

A

Château Clerc-Milon

378
Q

Within the context of Bordeaux what is a chartreuse?

A

A single-story expansive country manor-house

379
Q

What ingredients go in to a Bordelaise sauce?

A

Dry red wine, bone marrow, shallots, butter, demi-glace

380
Q

What is the most recent year in which no Yquem was produced?

A

2012

381
Q

What makes St-Emilion special?

A

St. Emilion is headlined by diverserve terroir, creating a wide range of styles and qualities. The region has two main zones with the côtes- hillside steep limestone slopes- and the graves- the revered gravelly limestone plateau- and the often forgotten, sprawling Dordogne River Valley (sandy/alluvial).

The cotes of the limestone plateau is most historic, and surround the commune of St-Emilion, where most classified estates reside. The cool clay soils atop the plateau reward vigorous, early ripening Merlot.

The smaller graves zone, nearer to the NW sector, closer to Pomerol the soils turn gravelly and warmer, better suiting Cabernet Franc (Buchet)

Nearer to the Dordogne River, the soils became sandier and the wines gradually become lighter, until reaching a point where Bordeaux AOP wines are grown.

The diversity of St-Emilion is illustrated by its multiple appellations, and classifications. St-Emilion AOP, St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP, - St-Emi

382
Q

Name 3 soil types of Pomerol?

A

Sandy

Gravel

Clay

383
Q

What is the name and type of soil that makes Petrus special?

A

The most acclaimed soil type is located at the highest and eastern most part of the plateau known as the buttonhole (boutonniere). This is where Petrus is located. Thick blue clay. Because of this soil, Petrus is one of the only great chateaux to make a mono variteal wine. 100% Merlot

384
Q

What are the two communes of production for Lalande de Pomerol?

A

Lalande de Pomerol

Neac

385
Q

What are the satellite communes of St-Emilion?

A

Lussac

Montagne- easternmost

Puisseguin- northernmost

St-Georges- located within Montagne
386
Q

What are the two rivers of Fronsac?

A

The Isle River and the Dordogne- The Isle river and the Dordogne. The isle river separates Fronsac from Lalande de Pomerol; the Dordogne divides Fronsac and Entre de Mers

387
Q

What are the communes of Fronsac?

A

Fronsac

Galgon

La Rivière

Saillans

Saint-Aignan

Saint-Germain-de-la-Rivière

Saint-Michel-de-Fronsac

Two most sought after are Saillans and La Riviere

388
Q

What is the average rainfall in the Medoc annually?

A

950 mm

Or

37.4 inches
389
Q

Where was the technique of Micro-oxygenation learned from in Bordeaux?

A

Madiran

390
Q

What is Cliquage and what stage of winemaking does it occur in?

A

Cliquage is introducing moderate doses of oxygen to the wine, in elevage/barrel, to substitute the step of racking.

391
Q

The natural barrier between the Medoc and the Atlantic ocean is?

A

Landes Forest

392
Q

What AOC is Chateau Poujeaux from?

A

Moulis

393
Q

What is Poujeaux?

A

Pocket of gravelly soils in Moulis, that Chateau Poujeaux is planted on.

394
Q

Name 3 producers that are classified in Graves for both white and red.

A

Château Malartic Lagraviere
Château Olivier
Château Carbonnieux
Domaine de Chevalier
Château Latour-Martillac
Château Bouscaut

395
Q

Martillac, Talence, and ______________ are communes of classified wines of Graves.

A

Cadaujac

Leognan

Pessac

Villenave d’Ornon

396
Q

Classification of Sauternes occurred in _____________ and name the three echelons of classification.

A

1855
Premier Cru Superior
Premier Cru
Deuxieme Cru

397
Q

Name 3 examples of Premiers Cru Sauternes producers.

A

Chateau Giuruad
Château Rieussec
Château Coutet
Chateau Climens

398
Q

Name the communes of Sauternes.

A

Sauternes
Barsac
Bommes
Fargues
Pregnac

399
Q

Château _______, Barsac L’Extravagant, Sauternes 2019

A

Château Doisy Daëne, Barsac L’Extravagant, Sauternes 2019

400
Q

Label these Sauternes vintages generally either as Outstanding (4 or 5 stars) or Poor (1 or 2 stars):

A

1959 - Outstanding
1967- Outstanding
1968- Poor
1972- Poor
1974- Poor
1977- Poor
1982- Poor
1983- Outstanding
1984- Poor
1987- Poor
1989- Outstanding
1990- Outstanding
1991- Poor
1992- Poor
1993- Poor
1995- Outstanding
1996- Outstanding
1997- Outstanding
1998- Outstanding
1999- Outstanding
2001- Outstanding
2003- Outstanding
2005- Outstanding
2007- Outstanding
2009- Outstanding
2011- Outstanding
2012- Poor
2014- Outstanding

401
Q

Which Bordeaux sub-region is famous for its clay and limestone soil, suitable for Merlot cultivation?

A

Saint-Émilion

402
Q

In what year was the Bordeaux wine region officially established?

A

1152 (Marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II of England)

403
Q

Which Bordeaux vintage is often referred to as the “Vintage of the Century”?

A

1982

404
Q

Which Bordeaux winemaking technique involves drying grapes before fermentation to concentrate sugars and flavors?

A

Passerillage

405
Q

Which 3 Grand Cru Classe A Chateaus of the Right Bank have opted out of their classification?

A

Angelus, Cheval Blanc, Ausone

406
Q

Which Bordeaux sub-region, located near the Garonne River, is known for its wines with a balance of power and finesse, often considered the “Golden Triangle”?

A

Margaux

407
Q

What is the term for the method of training grapevines to grow upwards along a trellis system, commonly used in Bordeaux vineyards?

A

Espalier

408
Q

Which Bordeaux winemaking technique involves fermenting the grapes without the stems?

A

Décuvage

409
Q

Name the Bordeaux winemaking technique where winemakers heat the grape must to extract color and flavor before fermentation.

A

Flash détente

410
Q

Which Bordeaux winery is credited with producing the first varietal wine from Bordeaux, specifically a 100% Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Château Haut-Brion

France - Bordeaux (12 decks)

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