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France - Bordeaux > BDX Wine Law > Flashcards

BDX Wine Law Flashcards

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French flashcards
1
Q

When was the INAO created, and when were the first AOC’s awarded?

A

1935

1936

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2
Q

When did the INAO transition from the Institute National des Appellations d’Origine to L’Institute National de l’Origine et de la Qualité, and in the process, come in line with EU regulations?

A

2007

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3
Q

When was VDQS created?

A

1949, as a stepping stone to AOC

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4
Q

Currently, are hybrid varieties allowed for AOP wines?

A

No

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5
Q

Currently, what % of grapes must be from the stated AOP to qualify?

A

100.00%

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6
Q

Are hybrid varieties allowed for IGP wines?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What % of grapes must be from the stated IGP to qualify?

A

85.00%

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8
Q

What are the three levels of IGP?

A

Regional
Departmental
Local

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9
Q

What are the regional IGP zones?

A 
Pays d'Oc IGP (Languedoc-Rousillon)
Val de Loire IGP (Loire)
Comtés Rhodaniens IGP (Northern Rhône, Jura, Savoie)
Méditerranée IGP (Southeast France)
Atlantique IGP (Bordeaux and Charante
Comté Tolosan IGP (Sud Ouest)
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10
Q

Maximum yield for IGP wines?

A

White: 90 hl/ha
Red/Rosé: 85 hl/ha
Total: 100 hl/ha

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11
Q

As of 2009, what may be listed on the label for VDT wines?

A

Vintage, Varietal, and Place of Origin

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12
Q

What is France’s largest viticultural area by acreage?

A

Bordeaux (123,834ha)

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13
Q

What are courtiers?

A

Brokers of wine in the Médoc, which supplied chateaux with financial backing in exchange for control over trade.

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14
Q

What is Bordeaux mixture, and what does it combat?

A

Copper sulfate, lime, water; fungal problems

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15
Q

What is millerandage?

A

Hens and chicks, or clusters that produce unevenly sized berries.

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16
Q

What is Coulure?

A

shatter - occurring in spring, when cold and wet or unseasonably high temperatures cause flowers to stay closed and not be fertilized. May result in undeveloped grapes falling off, or irregular, less compact bunches

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17
Q

What is the max % of Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, and Colombard in white Bordeaux?

A

30% combined

18
Q

Minimum must weight for red wines of the Left Bank?

A

180g/L; 189 for Merlot (Merlot accumulates sugar much faster than the other varieties)

19
Q

Authorized styles for Bordeaux Supérieur?

A

Rouge, Blanc Demi-Sec/Moelleux

20
Q

What are jalles?

A

The drainage channels of the Médoc

21
Q

When was Cru Artisan formally recognized, and with what vintage did labeling begin?

A

2002

2005

22
Q

When was Cru Bourgeois created, and what were the original categories?

A

1936
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Superiéur
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel

23
Q

When was the Cru Bourgeois classification abolished, and when did the new designation come into effect?

A

2003

2010, for the 2008 vintage.

24
Q

Authorized styles for Médoc/Haut-Médoc?

A

RED ONLY

25
Q

What are the authorized styles for Graves Supérieures?

A

Sweet White only - 221 g/L (must weight), 34 g/l (RS)

26
Q

What are the authorized styles for Pessac-Léognan?

A

Rouge, Blanc Sec

27
Q

When was the Pessac-Léognan AOC established?

A

1987

28
Q

What are the authorized styles for Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?

A

Blanc Sec only

29
Q

What is the geographic subzone of Bordeaux AOP and Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?

A

Haut-Benauge, lying along the border of Côtes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire.

30
Q

What are the authorized styles for Graves de Vayres AOP?

A

Rouge, Blanc, Blanc Sec

31
Q

What is the difference between Blanc and Blanc Sec in Graves de Vayres?

A

Blanc Sec has 4g/L RS.

32
Q

How many producers carry the Cru Artisan designation?

A

44

33
Q

What forest protects the Médoc from Atlantic winds?

A

Fôret de Landes

34
Q

Bordeaux lies along what latitudinal parallel?

A

45º

35
Q

What factors affect Bordeaux’s climate?

A

Proximity to the Gironde estuary results in a maritime climate; the Atlantic Gulf Stream current, carrying warm water up from the Caribbean, warms the weather off Bordeaux’s coast.
It is also the rainiest major wine region in France - 950mm annually - and rain falls throughout the year, hence its historic troubles with washout and rot.
Bordeaux does not experience a sizable diurnal shift, making it unique in major growing regions for Cabernet Sauvignon.

36
Q

Which two Bordeaux varieties are not related to the others?

A

Muscadelle and Petit Verdot

37
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Bordeaux (and also France)?

A

Merlot, at 63% of the Bordelais vignoble.

38
Q

What market drove the development of Sauternes and Barsac as sweet wine regions in the 1600’s?

A

The introduction of the Dutch into the market after trade with England collapsed at the end of the Hundred Year’s War; the English taste for lighter reds was supplanted by the Dutch taste for sweet wines and rich reds.

39
Q

What is Liv-Ex?

A

The London International Vintners Exchange, a marketplace for trading wine, which also monitors and publishes price indices that influence trends in the wine world in general.

40
Q

When did château bottling become compulsory for classified estates in the Médoc?

A

1972

41
Q

Why is Guyot popular in the Médoc and on the right bank, but Cordon de Royat in sweet wine appellations?

A

Cordon de Royat training tends to produce smaller berries more susceptible to botrytis; guyot cane-training produces larger berries that are more susceptible to grey rot.

42
Q

What is cliquage?

A

A variant of micro-oxygenation (which happens during fermentation), it involves small doses of oxygen applied to the wine in barrel periodically throughout elevage.

France - Bordeaux (12 decks)

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