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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime

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2
Q

What was ranked in the 1953 Graves Classification?

A

The wines of the 16 estates
(not the estates themselves)

Includes both red and white wine

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3
Q

What does petit chateau mean?

A

Unofficial term for an unclassified property in the Bordeaux region

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4
Q

Which estate is the only Premier Cru Superieur of the 1855 classification?

A

Chateau d’Yquem

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5
Q

What is the Cru Artisan classification?

A

Small estates that are entirely responsible for their own red wine production, from vineyard to bottle

“Boutique” wineries of quality

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6
Q

What is the difference between Saint-Emilion Grand Cru and Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe?

A

Saint-Emilion Grand Cru is an AOC

Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe is a ranking in the Saint-Emilion classification system

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7
Q

The Garonne and Dordogne flow into which estuary?

A

The Gironde

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8
Q

What kind of wine can Medoc AOC produce?

A

Only dry red wine

Some white wine is produced in the region but it cannot be labelled as Medoc AOC

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9
Q

How was the 1855 Classification in Bordeaux decided?

A

Price point (by tiers) at which the top wines were selling in 1855

Not by size and prestige of the estates

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10
Q

Which Bordeaux soils are considered “warm”?

A

Gravel
Sand

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11
Q

Which Bordeaux soils are considered “cold”?

A

Clay
Limestone

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12
Q

What is France’s largest AOC vineyard area?

A

Bordeaux AOC

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13
Q

The 1855 Classification is divided into how many tiers/rankings?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the main soil type of Bordeaux’s left bank?

A

Gravel

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15
Q

Who championed the “second label” concept as a way to improve the quality of grand vin?

A

Emile Peynaud

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16
Q

Can wine from Barsac be labeled as Sauternes?

A

Yes

Barsac is included in Sauternes AOC

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17
Q

What is a wine sold “en primeur”?

A

A wine sold before it is physically released

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18
Q

What are the three primary white grapes in Bordeaux?

A

Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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19
Q

Which Bordeaux sub-region sits between the Dordogne and Garonne rivers?

A

Entre-deux-Mers

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20
Q

What are the main soil types of Bordeaux’s right bank?

A

Clay
Limestone

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21
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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22
Q

What grape variety suffered the most damage after the winter freeze of 1956?

A

Malbec (aka Cot)

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23
Q

What is Les Landes?

A

A man-made pine forest to the west of Bordeaux

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24
Q

Which Bordeaux estate was promoted to First Growth status in 1973?

A

Chateau Mouton Rothschild

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25
What is the Cru Bourgeois classification?
Classification of Medoc chateaux that are reviewed every 5 years Crus Bourgeois Crus Bourgeois Superieurs Crus Bourgeois Exceptionnels (lowest to highest)
26
Which right bank sub-region has a classification system?
Saint-Emilion
27
Bordeaux's first vineyards were planted in which sub-region?
Graves
28
What style of wine can Cremant de Bordeaux be?
White or rose
29
Before becoming it's own AOC, which sub-region was Pessac-Leognan part of?
Graves
30
What kind of wine can Cotes de Bordeaux AOC make?
Only dry red wine
31
What is a clairet?
A "light-red" wine Production is the same as for red wine, except the maceration period is short (24-36 hours) The wine is then bled off the skins (saignee method)
32
What are the 4 satellite AOCs of Saint-Emilion?
Lussac Montagne Puisseguin Saint-Georges
33
What kind of wine can Graves Superieures make?
Only semi-sweet white wine
34
What is a "grand vin" wine?
The primary and most important label that a chateau produces Fruit from younger vines is used to make "second label" wines
35
What does moelleux mean?
A semi-sweet style of wine (in Bordeaux) Grapes might be handpicked, but they are not sorted. This leaves a mix of sound and botrytis grapes ("Mway-lieu")
36
What does liquoreux mean?
A sweet style of wine (in Bordeaux) Grapes must be handpicked to only collect ones affected by botrytis
37
Describe the 3 regional AOCs that cover all of Bordeaux.
Bordeaux AOC: white (dry, semi-sweet), red, rose, clairet Bodeaux Superieur AOC: white (semi-sweet), red Cremant de Bordeaux AOC: white, rose
38
What is Bordeaux Haut-Benauge?
A DCG wine from the Bordeaux AOC AND Entre-deux-Mers AOC Wine is dry or semi-sweet Usually from Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc
39
Describe the Medoc sub-region.
Includes 8 AOCs Red wine only Grapes: Cab Sauv, Merlot plus Cab Franc, Petit Verdot, Cot, Carmenere Soils are mainly gravel mounds on limestone
40
Describe the Graves sub-region.
Red and white wine Soils are gravel mounds
41
Describe the Sauternais sub-region.
Includes 3 AOCs Sweet white wine only Mornings are damp due to localized mist Promotes growth of noble rot Any red or dry white wines made here are labelled Bordeaux/Bordeaux Superior AOC
42
Describe the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region.
Most of the AOCs make dry and sweet white wine Grape: Sauvignon Blanc is the dominant grape Name means "between two seas", as it sits between two tidal rivers
43
Describe the Libournais sub-region.
Includes 10 AOCs Red wine only Grapes: Merlot, Cab Franc, Cab Sauv, Cot plus Petit Verdot, Carmenere
44
Describe the Cotes sub-region.
Grouping of vineyards that slope towards the rivers in Bordeaux Vineyards are geographically in multiple sub-regions, but the style produced is similar and all their vineyards slope to the rivers or Gironde estuary Grapes: Merlot, Cab Franc Soils are mainly clay and limestone
45
Describe the Medoc AOC.
Covers the northern 1/3rd of the vineyards in the Medoc Peninsula Soil is more clay than gravel Merlot dominates plantings Part of the Medoc sub-region
46
Describe the Haut-Medoc AOC.
Covers the southern 2/3rds of the vineyards in the Medoc Peninsula (Other than the 6 specific commune AOCs) Soil is gravel with various sub-soils that make microclimates Many of the wines are classified Cru Bourgeois Part of the Medoc sub-region
47
Describe the Saint-Estephe AOC.
Most northerly of Medoc's commune AOCs Blend is Cab Sauv dominant Includes higher percent of Merlot than other communes in Medoc More Merlot in blend softens the otherwise high tannins Part of the Medoc sub-region
48
Describe the Pauillac AOC.
Arguable the most famous of Medoc's commune AOCs Has more classified growths (17) than any other Medoc commune Home to 3 of the 5 Premier Cru Classes Soil is gravel with excellent drainage Blend is Cab Sauv dominant Wine is powerfully structured and ages well Note of dusty cocoa Part of the Medoc sub-region
49
Describe the Saint-Julien AOC.
Soil is gravel with good drainage Blend is Cab Sauv dominant Notes of chocolate and cherry Part of the Medoc sub-region
50
Describe the Margaux AOC.
Most southerly of Medoc communes Wines are considered most delicate, perfumed, and elegant of Medoc communes Home to 1 of the 5 Premier Cru Classes Soil has more sand in sub-soil beneath gravel Quick to warm but not very water-retentive Part of the Medoc sub-region
51
Describe the Listrac-Medoc AOC.
Soil is more clay, sand, and limestone Blend is Merlot dominant Wine is heavier, denser, and less fragrant than others in Medoc communes Benefit from a few years in cellar Part of the Medoc sub-region
52
Describe the Moulis-en-Medoc AOC.
Varied soils Blend is Merlot dominant Wine is full bodied Benefit from a few years in cellar Part of the Medoc sub-region
53
Describe the Graves AOC.
Red blends based on Cab Sauv Dry white wine based on Sauv Blanc and Semillon Majority of production is red Part of the Graves sub-region
54
Describe the Graves Superieures AOC.
Semi-sweet white wine Grapes: Semillon, Sauv Blanc, Muscadelle Part of the Graves sub-region ("Su-pee-ree-ah")
55
Describe the Pessac-Leognan AOC.
Quality red blends based on Cab Sauv White based on Sauv Blanc and Semillon Whites are often oaked and can age for a decade or two Part of the Graves sub-region
56
Describe the Sauternes AOC.
Most famous sweet wine in the world 2/3rds of AOC is Semillon 1/3rd of AOC is Sauv Blanc Part of the Sauternais sub-region
57
Describe the Barsac AOC.
Lies on the left bank of the Ciron river across from Sauternes Barsac producers can label their wine as Sauternes, as Barsac is included in the Sauternes zone of production Part of the Sauternais sub-region
58
Describe the Cerons AOC.
Tiny area of vineyards Similar style to Sauternes and Barsac Part of the Sauternais sub-region
59
Describe the Entre-deux-Mers AOC.
Only dry white wine Must be a blend AOC covers the whole of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region Produces nearly 25% of all dry white Bordeaux Includes the Entre-deux-Mers Haut-Benauge DCG Part of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region
60
Describe the Cadillac AOC.
Across the Garonne from Sauternes Sweet white wine from Semillon, Sauv Blanc, Muscadelle Wine must have min. sweetness of 51 g/l Achieved through noble rot or passerillage Part of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region
61
Describe the Loupiac AOC.
Across the Garonne from Sauternes Sweet white wine from Semillon, Sauv Blanc, Muscadelle Wine must have min. sweetness of 45 g/l Achieved through noble rot or passerillage Part of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region ("Loo-pyac")
62
Describe the Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC.
Across the Garonne from Sauternes Sweet white wine from Semillon, Sauv Blanc, Muscadelle Wine must have min. sweetness of 45 g/l Achieved through noble rot or passerillage Considered the most prestigious between this, Cadillac, and Loupiac Part of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region ("sant-kwah-du-mon")
63
Describe the Graves de Vayres AOC.
Dry white, red, and semi-sweet white wine Whites are largely Sauv Blanc/Semillon blends, but can also contain up to 35% Merlot Blanc Most production is red Part of the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region ("Grav-duh-vare")
64
Describe the Saint-Emilion AOC.
Red wine only Most famous AOC in the Libournais Style of wine varies with soil Part of the Libournais sub-region
65
Describe the Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC.
Same area of production as Saint-Emilion AOC Wine must have lower yields and higher min. alcohol than Saint-Emilion AOC Wine must be bottled at Chateau Wine must undergo 2 tastings before and after mandatory 1-year ageing period Part of the Libournais sub-region
66
Describe the Pomerol AOC.
Red wine only Can use all Bordeaux grapes except Carmenere Wine is soft, velvety, round, and generous Part of the Libournais sub-region
67
Describe the Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC.
Red wine only Satellite AOC of Pomerol Less structured, less aromatic, more bright berry driven than Pomerol Part of the Libournais sub-region
68
Describe the Fronsac AOC.
Red wine only Merlot and Cab Franc are common due to clay and limestone soil Red fruit and black pepper characteristics Part of the Libournais sub-region
69
Describe the Canon Fronsac AOC.
Red wine only Smaller than Fronsac Merlot and Cab Franc common Red fruit and black pepper Part of the Libournais sub-region
70
What are the 4 satellites of Saint-Emilion?
Lussac Montagne Puisseguin Saint-Georges Labels appear as "Lussac Saint Emilion AOC", etc. Wines have more Merlot Similar to Saint-Emilion but with more delicate structure
71
Describe the Cotes de Bordeaux AOC.
Red wine only Includes a number of DCGS that can also make white and sweet styles Part of the Cotes sub-region
72
List and describe the 5 DGCs of the Cotes de Bordeaux AOC.
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux DCG - Red Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux DCG - Red Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DCG - Red, dry white Francs Cotes de Bordeaux DCG - Red, small amount of dry & sweet white Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux DCG - Red, small amount of dry, sweet, & semi-sweet white
73
Describe the Blaye AOC.
Red wine only Part of the Cotes sub-region
74
Describe the Bourg AOC.
White and red wine Also called "Cotes de Bourg" and "Bourgeais" Part of the Cotes sub-region
75
What is the Graves classification?
Classification for both red and white wines from Graves and Pessac-Leognan This is the only classification system in Bordeaux that ranks the wines, not the estates Wines receive "Grand Cru Classe de Graves" status Remains unchanged since 1959 revision
76
What is the Saint-Emilion classification?
Intended to be revised every 10 years Estates that achieve Grand Cru Classe must first be part of the Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC Grand Cru Classes Premiers Grands Crus Classes B Premiers Grands Crus Classes A (lowest to highest)
77
Which areas of Bordeaux have classifications?
Medoc (1855 classification) Sauternes & Barsac (1855 classification) Graves & Pessac-Leognan Saint-Emilion Note: The 1855 classification also included 1 chateau in Pessac-Leognan -- Chateau Haut Brion

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