Booklet B - Nature/Nurture

Question 1

What is nature

Answer 1

Geneticc inheritance (e.g. chromosomes and hormones and other biological factors. Ner changeable.

Question 2

What is nurture

Answer 2

Influence of extrernal factors after conception such as environemntal factors.

Question 3

what do genetic inherited factors and environemntal factors take part in?

Answer 3

stress diathesis model.

Question 4

Who developed the gnetic inherited factors across the lifespan?

Answer 4

Guessel maturation

Question 4

Who developed the environmental factors across the lifespan?

Answer 4

Bandura’s social learning theory

Question 4

can there be any certain physical characteristics biologically determined by genetic inheritance? If so what are they?

Answer 4

Yes. Eye colour, straight or curly hair, skin colour. Others physcal characteristics can be weight, height, life expectancy and vulnerable to specific diseases.

Question 5

What are the psychological characteristics? can these be wired in?

Answer 5

Behavioural tendencies, personality traits and mental ability. Yes they can be wired in before a child is born ior whetehr they are influenced by the environemnt.

Question 6

What was gessel’s maturation theory?

Answer 6

Children would naturally know how to do it (biological maturation).

Question 7

What did gessel develop and what did it involve him to do

Answer 7

Normative approach. Involved observing large numbers of children to see what skills and abilities they had in each age group.

Question 8

What was hessels finding used to do? What did he notice?

Answer 8

Establishg milestones for each developmental aspect. Gessel noticed that children moved theough these milestnes at thier own pace.

Question 9

What did he finally concclude about?

Answer 9

Esch development is predetermined and the enviornemnt has little influence.

Question 10

What does gessel think the reason is for delayed development

Answer 10

The problem is hereditary rather than a result of thier environment.

Question 11

What are the critics of gessels theory?

Answer 11

Maturation throry is not helful in explaing individuals or cultural differnces in children which may be influenced by their environemnt.

Question 12

Can u think of any enviironmental factors that coudl affect whetehr a child hits each milestone?

Answer 12

Parental support, educational, support, resouces, financial stability of family, parents job, social interactions and culture.

Question 13

What is the first thing that a child does in bandura’s theory?

Answer 13

Child oberves the behaviour of another. Usually a role model e.g siblings or parents.

Question 14

What does bandura’s social learning theory state?

Answer 14

Learning occurs through observing the behaviour of others.

Question 15

What is the second thing that a child does in bandura’s theory?

Answer 15

Child internaloses the actions by remembering what they saw.

Question 16

What is the third thing that a child does in bandura’s theory?

Answer 16

May not copy it straight away but will reproduce behaviour when the opportu ity occurs. E.G when they are older and can do it.

Question 17

What is the fourth thing that a child does in bandura’s theory? What are the two reinforcments the child may do?

Answer 17

Child decides whetehr they want to repeat it or not.
Positive reinforcment - behaviour is repeated because of persoanl satisfaction or rewards.
Negative reinforcment - The behaviour is not repeated to avoid a negative experiencee suh as lack of satisfaction to avoid being told off.