Booklet 5 - (1929-1939) Consent and control in the Fascist dictatorship

Question 1

July 1938 - anti semitic decrees

Answer 1

official fascist support of “manifesto of randical scientists” arguing that jews were not part of the italian race

Question 2

August 1938 - anti-semitic decrees

Answer 2

All foreign born jews banned from state schools

Question 3

Sept 1938 - anti semitic decrees

Answer 3

all jews banned from stateschool
banned from teaching in state school
seperate jewish schools established

Question 4

Oct 1938 - anti semitic decrees

Answer 4

Excluded from PNF and other fascist organisation s - forbidden from owning large companies and land

Question 5

Nov 1938 - anti semitic decrees

Answer 5

Jews not allowed to marry non-jews
Jews exculded from military + banking
Foreign Jews expelled

Question 6

What 3 main influences did Mussolini have in establishing these anti-semitic decrees

Answer 6

Dictatorships in Germany, Austro-Hungary, Romania (wanted better alliences)
- Wanting to establish a militaristic, society - united by hatred for enemies (jews?)
- Create ‘racial’ mentality that created a greater sense of superiority to rule other nations

Question 7

How was the ‘reform of customs’ linked to anti-Semitism?

Answer 7

both were ideological campaigns which tried to radicalise and aggravate the Italian people to prepare them for war

Question 8

what was the ‘reform of customs?’

Answer 8

ideological campaign tha forced all civil servants to wear uniforms
army / militia adopt “goose step” - seen in Germany
Italians forbidden to shake hands - greet with roman salute instead

Question 9

what was the result of the reforms of customs and antii-semitic decrees on the Italian people?

Answer 9

people didn’t conform to these policies and therefore the militaristic totalitarian mindset didn’t really settle within Italy late 1930s
saw it as a copy off Germany and found Mussolini weak for bowing to Germany

Question 10

features of anti-semetic decrees?

Answer 10

removing jews from education, forbidding marriage to ‘pure’ italians, forbade from holding public office jobs. foreign jews deported - all lost jobs, left and were expelled from italy

Question 11

how did the anti-semitic decrees impact Italy’s relationship with the church?

Answer 11

pope condemed anti-semitism
openly critical of German perception of jews
warned the gov not to impliment such laws

Question 12

how did the anti-semitic decrees affect relationships with other countries?

Answer 12

Italian foreign secretary (Count Ciano) did not approve of anti-semetic policies and allowed German Jews to enter Italy
- better relationship with Germany
- worse with Britian + France

Question 13

How was the Fascsit party effected by the anti-semetic decrees?

Answer 13

Fascsists didn’t completely supprt these
some extremely supported this (Farinaci)
Some found it tolerable as some laws allowed Italian Jews who served in WW1