Booklet 1 - (1911-1918) The Liberal State Flashcards
What is the name of the newspaper that Mussolini established after leaving* Avanti!* + what year
Il Popolo d’Italia - 1914
What were the key social problems in early Italy?
A huge class divide between north and south and differing political opinions leading to wage strikes.
What were the key economic problems in early Italy?
The North was advanced in industry and wealth, while the centre and south were impoverished, leading to famine and sickness.
What were the key political problems in early Italy?
Disagreement between the Pope and the State on unification, and a weak international image after military losses.
Define Risorgimento.
Meaning ‘rebirth’, it refers to the movement aimed at the unification of Italy.
What is anarchism?
A political ideology involving a violent overthrow of state authority to establish a self-governing body free from government rule.
What does Mezzogiorno refer to?
Southern Italy.
What is the Golden Triangle?
The wealthiest region of the North, between Genoa, Milan, and Turin, known for advanced industrialization.
What is the Roman Question?
The term describing the divide between the Italian state and the Catholic Church regarding unification.
Define Trasformismo.
The skill of forming political alliances and buying support to become prime minister.
What is Campanilismo?
A regional feeling of pride and belonging to one’s place of birth.
What were Giolitti’s aims?
To unite political parties, gain support for his liberal coalition, expand colonies, and improve quality of life.
How did Giolitti try to appease the socialists?
By creating social reforms like a maternal fund, old age fund, and introducing secular education.
How did Giolitti try to appease the nationalists?
By attempting to unite Catholics and the ANI and promising expansion into North Africa.
What impact did the extension of the franchise have?
Wider voting base led to Giolitti being replaced by Salandra as the poor sided with the socialists.
How successful were Giolitti’s domestic policies?
Highly successful in social policies like minimum working hours for women and child labour regulations.
Why did Italy go to war in Libya in 1911?
To gain Libya as a colony and appease socialists and those in poverty.
What were the failures of the war in Libya?
Increased nationalist support, socialists rejecting cooperation, Giolitti’s resignation, and financial loss.
What were the successes of the war in Libya?
Unified the people against liberals and provided a short-term boost of patriotism.
What were the reasons for Giolitti’s resignation?
Failed to maintain liberal power, lost support from Catholics and socialists, and faced economic downturn.
What was the Gentiloni Pact?
A secret deal between Catholics and liberals for support on Catholic policies.
Which groups supported Italy’s intervention in WWI?
Nationalists and Salandrian Liberals.
Which groups opposed Italy’s intervention in WWI?
Giolittian Liberals, Catholics, and Socialists.
What were the key reasons why Italy intervened on the side of the Entente?
Promises of colonies, territorial gains, and economic desperation after neutrality.
