Booklet 2 - (1918-1920) Post-war challenges to the Liberal State Flashcards
what was the mutilated victory?
the Italians felt robbed by the war as though they had lost so much men and capital for nothing as the allies did not deliever part of the lands as stated in the treaty of london
what land was not given after the war to Italy?
Dalmatia, Albania, or any colonial territories in Africa or Asia
How long did D’Annunzio occupy Fiume for?
1 year
Qualities of D’Annunzio’s occupation and what Mussolini copied?
- Uniformed shirts
- Utilising the support of ex-military
- Militaristic / imperlistic attitude
- Dynamic and ‘revolutionary’ leader
- Cult of personality
What is the significance of the occupation of Fuime
- ## showed weakness of liberal gov
Why did Italian Nationalists describe the results of WWI as a ‘mutilated victory’?
They felt cheated as they didn’t get all the land promised in the Treaty of London and faced an economic recession despite financial gain.
The term ‘mutilated victory’ reflects the sentiment that the costs of war outweighed the benefits.
What was the significance of the occupation of Fiume?
It demonstrated the Italian State’s weakness and inability to control political extremism, paving the way for fascism.
D’Annunzio’s actions during the occupation showcased the government’s loss of power over the populace.
Which groups began to turn to extremist politics after WWI?
Nationalists and socialists began to polarize; the futurists also influenced revolutionary attitudes.
This division intensified following the Bolshevik revolution, with some socialists turning communist.
Define ‘mutilated victory’.
‘Mutilated victory’ refers to the feeling that winning was not worth the price paid, resulting in greater loss than if one had not participated at all.
What is the ‘Roman salute’?
The salute first adopted by D’Annunzio’s cult in Fiume, later copied by Mussolini and the fascist party, and then by Hitler in Nazi Germany.
Who were the ‘Futurists’?
A cultural movement in the 1900s focused on violent revolution and rebuilding Italy, considered proto-fascists.
What was the League of Nations’ significance for Italy after WWI?
Italy became a member with a permanent seat on the executive council and received land compensation, but not Dalmatia.
What is the ‘petty bourgeoisie’?
The class between the lower class and middle class that desperately tries to grasp onto power.
What was the Sacchi Law (1919)?
It eliminated husbands’ superiority in family law, granting women rights to control property, equal guardianship, public office, and professional entry.
How did the biennio rosso weaken the liberal government?
It highlighted economic struggles and public resentment, showing the government’s weak authority and inability to control riots.
