Booklet 4: Obstacles to Unity Flashcards
When did Cavour die and why?
1861 of a fever
Who were the Brigands?
Bandits who lived in the forest and mountains. Had a strong tradition in the south of Italy, protectors against the new state
When were the Syllabus of Errors created?
1864
What were the Syllabus of Errors?
Defence of Orthodox Catholic views against Darwinism, Pius rejected 19th Century Philosophies
What did the Syllabus of Errors claim?
- Control over the education system and all culture and science
- Rejected the idea of tolerance of other religions
- Continuing temporal power of the papacy
What was Papal Infallibility?
The Pope’s pronouncements on matters relating to faith and morals are indisputable
What was the result of the Syllabus of Errors?
Disappointed liberal Catholics but strengthened and reinforced spiritual leadership
What law was passed in 1866?
Demand that most religious orders should hand over all property to the state
What did tensions between the Church and the State reflect?
the declining temporal power of the church and an important shift in its priorities
What was Cavours solution for Italy?
‘Piedmontise’ all institutions
What percent of the population could vote?
2%
What did many Italians feel due to Piedmontisation?
Isolated and betrayed by the imposition of a centralised state that didn’t take into account their needs
What did Cavour lack?
Understanding of the south
Why was the south unsuitable for unification?
Poverty, backwardness and distinct economy
What was the Casti Law and when was it passed?
1859, insisted on 2 years free compulsory primary education
What was education like in the south?
Vast majority were illiterate
When was the Brigands war?
1861-1865
Who were the Brigands made up of?
the unemployed, disposed of, disillusioned, and convicts
What did the Brigands do?
robbed, murdered, and assassinated
How many Brigands were there?
82,000
What happened in Palermo in 1866?
Week-long rebellion resulting in the murder of government officials and three days of bitter street fighting
What was Piedmont’s debt in 1861?
2,450 lire
Between when did income increase and by how much?
1860-1866, 480 million to 600 million
What did the government resort to economically?
taxes to increase income, taxing salt and tobacco
What did the government reintroduce in 1869?
Girst tax
What was Girst tax?
tax on milling of corn
What did Girst tax result in?
250 killed and 1000 wounded in riots
When did the beginning of the sale of church land take place?
1867
From 1867-1876 how much land was sold?
half a million acres
How many km of railway was there by unification?
2773km
What happened to railways in 1865?
Transferred into private hands
When was the Mount Cenis tunnel completed?
1871
