Booklet 1: 1830-32 Revolutions Flashcards
When was the Modena Uprising?
1831
What happened to the Modena Uprising?
Francesco IV, Duke of Modena, fled and then returned to the Central Duchies with and Austrian Army and the revolutionaries were crushed, many were executed
What was happening in Parma in 1831?
Leader Marie Louise had fled on demands for a constitution
Who was Klemens Prince von Metternich?
An Austrian statesman and minster of foreign affairs between 1809-1848
What is revolutionary liberalism?
The doctrine promoting constitutional change through revolution
What is revolutionary nationalism?
The doctrine espoused by Mazzini and others for the creation of a nation state through revolution
What were revolutionaries in the Papal States motivated by?
Wished to challenge the clerical state and to re-establish a secular state similar to that under Napoleonic rule
What happened to the Papal States in February 1831?
Revolutionary army captured the Papal port and the following month a provisional government was installed and issued a constitution
What happened to the Papal States in March 1831?
Austrian army intervened and took Bologna with ease and the revolutionary army surrendered to Papal forces
What did French revolts in the Papal States at the end of 1831 lead to?
Austrian military intervention in 1832
What were the reasons for failure?
Failure to gain foreign support, granting of constitutional liberty and not national unity, Austrian army, regionally based revolts not national, no broad popular support
What was the challenge of the Risorgimento?
Forge awareness of a common cultural identity across the Italian peninsula
What was the illiteracy rate by 1871?
2/3 of the population
