Booklet 1: 1830-32 Revolutions Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Modena Uprising?

A

1831

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2
Q

What happened to the Modena Uprising?

A

Francesco IV, Duke of Modena, fled and then returned to the Central Duchies with and Austrian Army and the revolutionaries were crushed, many were executed

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3
Q

What was happening in Parma in 1831?

A

Leader Marie Louise had fled on demands for a constitution

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4
Q

Who was Klemens Prince von Metternich?

A

An Austrian statesman and minster of foreign affairs between 1809-1848

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5
Q

What is revolutionary liberalism?

A

The doctrine promoting constitutional change through revolution

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6
Q

What is revolutionary nationalism?

A

The doctrine espoused by Mazzini and others for the creation of a nation state through revolution

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7
Q

What were revolutionaries in the Papal States motivated by?

A

Wished to challenge the clerical state and to re-establish a secular state similar to that under Napoleonic rule

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8
Q

What happened to the Papal States in February 1831?

A

Revolutionary army captured the Papal port and the following month a provisional government was installed and issued a constitution

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9
Q

What happened to the Papal States in March 1831?

A

Austrian army intervened and took Bologna with ease and the revolutionary army surrendered to Papal forces

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10
Q

What did French revolts in the Papal States at the end of 1831 lead to?

A

Austrian military intervention in 1832

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11
Q

What were the reasons for failure?

A

Failure to gain foreign support, granting of constitutional liberty and not national unity, Austrian army, regionally based revolts not national, no broad popular support

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12
Q

What was the challenge of the Risorgimento?

A

Forge awareness of a common cultural identity across the Italian peninsula

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13
Q

What was the illiteracy rate by 1871?

A

2/3 of the population

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