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Germany > Booklet 4 > Flashcards

Booklet 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What was West Germany now known as?

A

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

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2
Q

What was East Germany now known as?

A

German Democratic Republic (GDR)

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3
Q

What were the two main parties in the election of 1949?

A

SPD which was led by Kurt Schumacher and the newly created Christian Democratic union (CDU) led by Konrad Adenauer

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4
Q

The new German Constitution of the FRG.

Give example of where elections have changed?

A

Portional representation used to elect deputies to Bundestag every four years

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5
Q

The new German constitution of the FRG.

Given example of where the Bundestag has changed?

A

Parties had to gain at least 5% of the vote to take their seats in the Bundestag to avoid smaller (extremist) parties having influence

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6
Q

The new German Constitution of the FRG.
Give an example of where the power of Government: Chancellor and other ministers has changed?


A

Power of article 48 was removed and no ability to suspend the Bundestag or change the constitution

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7
Q

Who was the CDU extremely popular with because of the strong economic policies and its anti-Communist stance?

A

Western occupying powers

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8
Q

Whose economic program meant that GNP trebled during the 1950s?

A

Ludwig Erhard (minister of economics)

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9
Q

Support from which type of group in society was crucial because 45% of West Germans were in this group?

A

Catholics

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10
Q

In the first election in the FRG, on the 14th of August 1949 what were the results?

A

CDU 31%

SPD 29.2%

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11
Q

What was the main issue of the 1949 election for the SPD?

A

Was over economic policy with the SPD proposing a more socialist, government-controlled economic system in contrast to the CDU free-market based social market economy

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12
Q

How and when was Adenauer elected chancellor?

A

The CDU formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party and the German Party which accounted for the 208 of the 402 seats in the Bundestag. September 1949 Adenauer was elected Chancellor remained in this post until 1963

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13
Q

How had the SPD leader Kurt Schumacher criticised Adenauer?

A

Leading a weak coalition, similar to those that had failed during the Weimar period

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14
Q

What type of person was Adenauer?

A

Internationalist

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15
Q

What did Adenauer believe for West Germany and Europe?

A

That the survival of West Germany and Europe lay in greater economic and political cooperation

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16
Q

Name a couple examples of where Adenauer participated in international relations? (ECSC?)

A

European coal and steel Community (ECSC) signed in 1951 combined heavy industry in France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg into one common market

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17
Q

When was the European Economic Community (EEC) signed and what was the impact?

A

1957 abolished tariffs between member states and therefore improved West German exports

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18
Q

Adenauer social policies in the 1950s helped improve home-ownership and access to consumer goods. How much did real wages increase by from 1950-64?

A

Doubled

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19
Q

What happened on 5th May 1955 relating to foreign policy?

A

The German Treaty (general treaty) came into force which handed over control of foreign policy to the FRG within the North Atlantic Treaty organisation (NATO)

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20
Q

What was the Hallestein doctrine?

A

Said that the diplomatic recognition of the GDR (East Germany) by anyone other than the USSR was a hostile act against the FRG

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21
Q

What did the Hallestein doctrine say relating to financial assistance?

A

The doctrine said that no country could gain financial assistance from the FRG if it recognised the GDR

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22
Q

What had the FRG hoped for as a result of the Hallstein doctrine?

A

The FRG hope to financially isolate the GDR in the hope that the country would collapse and reunite with the West

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23
Q

In 1957 Germany had another election and the CDU became the first political party in history to win an overall majority what was the result?

A

50.2%

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24
Q

How accurate is it to say that the SPD lost the 1949 election due to the leadership of Kurt Schumacher?

What would the factors be for this question?

A
  • Leadership of Kurt Schumacher
  • Leadership of Konrad Adenauer
  • The Legacy of WW2
25
Q

What had Kurt Schumacher only appealed to?

A

The working class

26
Q

Schumacher was a Protestant from Poland compared to what was Adenauer?

A

It was a catholic from Rhineland – nearly 45% of the population are now Catholic

27
Q

What had Kurt Schumacher proposed relating to the economy?

A

A planned economy-government intervention. German people had 12 years of controlling because the Nazis

28
Q

Why have the people of Germany seem to prefer to Adenauer in relation to his support for who?

A

People of Germany seem to prefer to throw their support behind Adenauer in the knowledge that he supported America and was pro-Western

29
Q

What experience had Adenauer have before the election?

A

Been a mayor of Cologne, experienced and referred to as “the old man”

30
Q

What impact had the support of Britain and the USA have on the German people?

A

The USA and Britain supported the CDU; perhaps the German people saw the SPD as the new Nazi group - not backed or constrained by foreign power so were reluctant to vote

31
Q

What did Hitler do in 1933 towards the SPD?

A

The SPD were dissolved by him, due to the enabling act for Communist reasons. Seen as a threat to the German people and they may still feel this is a dangerous Communist organisation

32
Q

What was the general feeling of many Germans of wanting now?

A

Many Germans wanting to know rebuild the country as well as make links in neighbouring countries

33
Q

What were the many general public opinions during this period?

A

Holding a sense of fear of communism and socialism due to the Nazis and Soviets in their heritage they help from World War II

34
Q

What was the Fragebogen?

A

German citizens were judged through this and it was a questionnaire to decide who could be classed as a Nazi

35
Q

How many questions were on the questionnaire concerning issues such as involvement in the German army, whether they had relatives in the Nazi party, who they voted for in the 1933 election and whether they were Junker?

A

133 questions

36
Q

What were the limitations of the US Fragebogen?

A
  • Depleted the number of key workers in the US zone who were needed to rebuild following the war
  • A black market developed where certificates of de-nazification were available
37
Q

By 1951, Adenauer introduced an amnesty which benefited how many Germans have had previously been classed as Nazi criminals?

A

800,000

38
Q

What was banned in August 1952 which was seen as an example of where the German government had learned from previous history?

A

The neo-Nazi Socialist Reich party was banned

39
Q

In 1952, Adenauer admitted that what % of foreign office diplomats were former Nazis?

A

66%, this was necessary for successful functioning of the foreign office because they were the most experienced

40
Q

On the 10th of September 1952, Adenauer Agreed to pay how much to Israel in compensation for treatment of Jews during the Holocaust? And what was controversial about this?

A

DM3billion

Blood money

41
Q

When was the second amnesty passed and what was the effect?

A

1954 have the effects of weakening the legal focus and depth of investigations into the prosecution of Nazi criminals

42
Q

What had Adenauer’s policies ensured?

A

A stable government ruled out the West Germany and enable democracy in the FRG to grow

43
Q

What had Adenauer’s policies enable West Germany to develop and enjoy?

A

The ‘economic miracle’ soon after the most destructive war in European history

44
Q

How did the new constitution ensure there was never a power vacuum?

A

A chancellor could only be removed if another had been elected by the Bundestag (constructive vote of no confidence)

45
Q

Which problems faced the FRG in the 1940s (similar to Weimar)?

A

Military occupation, economic difficulties and social upheaval following war

46
Q

How long did the FRG constitution last?

A

Until reunification in 1990

47
Q

What did the CDU do in the Bundestag following the 1949 election?

A

Formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party and the German Party to take 208 of the 402 seats in the Bundestag

48
Q

Why did Schumacher think he was the right leader for post-war Germany?

A

Only politician to stay in Germany under the Nazis and not collaborate

49
Q

When did Schumacher die and who replaced him as leader of the SPD?

A

1952 and Erich Ollenhauer

50
Q

Who replaced Ollenhauer as leader of the SPD and in which year?

A

Willy Brandt and 1953

51
Q

Which US President backed Willy Brandt and the SPD?

A

President Kennedy

52
Q

When did the SPD gain power in the FRG for the first time?

A

Formed a coalition with the CDU in 1966 and in 1969, Willy Brandt became chancellor

53
Q

What had been decided about the Nazis at the Potsdam Conference in 1945?

A

Nazi party banned, Nuremburg trials, important Nazi removed from positions of power in Germany

54
Q

Why would many Germans fail the Fragebogen?

A

Because organisations like the DAF and Hitler Youth had been compulsory

55
Q

Why was the admin behind the Fragebogen such a problem?

A

In one Lander, 2.5million Germans were investigated

56
Q

How many Nazis were still in prison camps by 1947?

A

90,000

57
Q

Why did Adenauer get away with such a lenient denazification process?

A

Economic growth in the 1950s and a desire for Germans to move on from the past

58
Q

What did the SPD take up which took the SPD away from Marxist roots and fully endorsed the capitalist market economy?

A

1959, Godesberg Programme

Germany (6 decks)

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