booklet 2-bonding

Question 1

when are bonds formed

Answer 1

when atoms react

Question 2

what are bonds

Answer 2

“glue” that holds atoms together

Question 3

what are three things that can happen to electrons in bonding

Answer 3

lost gained or shared

Question 4

what are the three types of bonding

Answer 4

ionic covalent and metalic

Question 5

what sort of atoms does ionic bonding take place with

Answer 5

metals and non metals

Question 6

what happens to electrons in ionic bonding

Answer 6

they are lost or gained +or-

Question 7

how do metals behave im ionic bonding

Answer 7

they loose their outer electrons to become positive ions and have a full outer shell

Question 8

what happens when an alkali metal like sodium reacts

-what charge and why

Answer 8

it looses its outer electron to have a +1 charge as it now has one more proton than electron

Question 9

what do we call this charged atom (sodium in this case)

Answer 9

an ion - positive sodium ion

Question 10

how do none metals behave

Answer 10

they gain the outer electrons off the metals to gain full outer shells and become-1 charge negatively charged ions

Question 11

what happens when a halogen like chlorine reacts

Answer 11

group 7 element gains one outter electron

Question 12

what is the charge of a chloRIDE ion

Answer 12

-1

Question 13

what does it have the same electron configuration as

Answer 13

a noble gas

Question 14

where do metals loose their outer electron to

Answer 14

non metals

Question 15

why are they happy to gain the electron

Answer 15

to gain a full outer shell

Question 16

what do they both now have

Answer 16

full outer shells

Question 17

what ions do metals form

Answer 17

positive +1

Question 18

what ions do non metals form

Answer 18

negative-1

Question 19

these oppositely charged ions what

Answer 19

attract

Question 20

by what forces do they attract

Answer 20

electrostatic attraction forces

Question 21

what are the valencies of a metal

Answer 21

the same as the group number

Question 22

what are the valencies in a non metal

Answer 22

8 minus the group number

Question 23

valency is the same as what

Answer 23

valency is the same as the charge of an atom

Question 24

ionic compounds are formed between what

Answer 24

metals and non metals

Question 25

positive and negative ions form what

Answer 25

ionic bonds

Question 26

what do these ionic bonds between positive and negative ions form

Answer 26

a giant ionic lattice

Question 27

electrostatic forces of attraction are acting in what

Answer 27

all six directions-3dimensons

Question 28

how strong are the electrostatic forces of attraction

Answer 28

they are strong

Question 29

what does it give the compound

Answer 29

high melting and boiling points

Question 30

ionic compounds conduct what

Answer 30

electricity

Question 31

when do they conduct this

Answer 31

when molten or dissolved in water

Question 32

why will they conduct this

Answer 32

because electrostatic forces are broken and charged ions are free to move and carry current

Question 33

when will they not conduct

Answer 33

ionic compounds will not conduct electricity when solid as ions cannot move so cannot carry current

Question 34

what sort of elements does covalent bonding take place in

Answer 34

non metal and non metal

Question 35

what are non metals short of

Answer 35

non metals are short of electrons in their outer shell and they require full shells to be happy

Question 36

what do they do with electrons if a metal is not present to give an electron

Answer 36

they share electrons in pairs with another non metal

Question 37

what is made when the electrons are shared

Answer 37

a covalent bond is made

Question 38

what is to be remembered about covalent bonds

Answer 38

covalent bonds are STRONG

Question 39

what to ways can yu show covalent bonds

Answer 39

dot and cross form stick form

Question 40

what elements does metallic bonding take place in

Answer 40

metals and metals

Question 41

what do metals conduct

Answer 41

heat and electricity

Question 42

why do metals conduct heat and electricity

Answer 42

because their electrons in their outer shells are free to move and carry current

Question 43

what do metals form structure wise

Answer 43

a giant lattice of positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons that are negative

Question 44

what do the electrons do in metallic bonding

Answer 44

they are free to move enabling heat and electricity to be conducted this movement also meants they attract deattract and reattract to each atom as they move about

Question 45

what holds the atoms

Answer 45

forces of electrostatic attraction

Question 46

what structure to the forces of electrostatic attraction hold the atoms in

Answer 46

in a regular structure

Question 47

what are the forces like

Answer 47

very strong and hard to break

Question 48

what do strong forces of electrostatic attraction result in

Answer 48

high melting points and hight boiling points

Question 49

what does the regular structure of the metals result in

Answer 49

the layers of atoms can slide over eachother and metals can be bent and shaped they are malleable

Question 50

what are alloys

Answer 50

alloys are mixtures made from two different metals

Question 51

what happens when you add different size metals

Answer 51

different size metals distort the regular structure of pure metal and the layers cannot slide

Question 52

what are alloys conpared to pure metals

Answer 52

alloys are harder than pure metals

Question 53

what are the bonds like between solids particles

Answer 53

strong bonds

Question 54

what do solids require a lot of to change and what to

Answer 54

solids require a large about of heat energy to melt from a solid to a liquid so it has a high melting point

Question 55

what happens if the bonds in liquid particles are strong

Answer 55

they will require a large amount of heat energy to boil or evaporate the liquid to a gas

Question 56

what two things does the strength of bonds depend upon

Answer 56

1- nature of thr particle 2-type of bonding holding together particles

Question 57

ionic compounds only contain what with what

Answer 57

strong ionic bonds which have a high melting point

Question 58

giant covalent structures contain only what and boiling point

Answer 58

covalent bonds with high melting point

Question 59

some covalent structures also have what

Answer 59

weak forces of attraction between molecules

Question 60

what are these forces also called

Answer 60

intermolecular forces or van der waals

Question 61

what happens to these forces when a covalent structure melts and at what temperature

Answer 61

forces break and usually at a low temperature