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chemistry > booklet 1-the periodic table > Flashcards

booklet 1-the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest part of an element that can exist it cannot be divided

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2
Q

what is the radius of an atom

A

1x10-10

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3
Q

what does the nucleus contain

A

the subatomic particles of protons and neutrons

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4
Q

what charge does a nucleus have and why

A

positive as the protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge

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5
Q

the nucleus is where almost all of the what is concentrated

A

all of the mass

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6
Q

what do the shells contain/hold

A

electrons

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7
Q

what charge do electrons have

A

negative -1

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8
Q

electrons have virtually no what

A

mass

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9
Q

mass of proton

A

1

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10
Q

charge of proton

A

+1

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11
Q

mass of neutron

A

1

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12
Q

charge of neutron

A

0

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13
Q

mass of electron

A

0
or
1/2000

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14
Q

charge of electron

A

-1

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15
Q

what charge does an atom have overall and why

A

no charge equal but opposite charges of protons and electrons balance out

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16
Q

what is an ion

A

a different form of the same element same number of protons and electrons different neutron number

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17
Q

why is the atom neutral

A

opposite and equal charges of the electrons and protons

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18
Q

what does the number of protons determine

A

what sort of atom it is

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19
Q

what is the mass number

A

protons and neutrons

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20
Q

what is the atomic number

A

proton number

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21
Q

is mass number top or bottom

A

top

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22
Q

what does the number of protons equal

A

the number of electrons

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23
Q

what is a molecule

A

two or more atoms chemically bonded together

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24
Q

what is a mixture

A

two or more elements or compounds chemically combined

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25
Q

how can mixtures be separated

A

filtration
evaporation
distillation
chromatography

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26
Q

what remains unchanged in a mixture

A

properties of a substance

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27
Q

what is the equation to work out atomic mass

A

mass number times amount plus mass number times amount over 100

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28
Q

what is the density of group one metals like

A

low density

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29
Q

how hard are group one elements

A

can be cut are soft

30
Q

what do group one metals react to produce

A

hydrogen gas and a alkaline metal hydroxide

31
Q

what happens as you go down group one

A

more reactive

32
Q

why are they more reactive as you go down group one

A

outer electron held onto less tightly by the force of positive pull of nucleus

33
Q

why are group seven metals less reactive as you go down

A

outer electron that is gained is so more easily

34
Q

what is a halogen atom that has a full outer shell called

A

halide ion

35
Q

what type of reactions do halide ions take place in

A

displacement

36
Q

what do halide ions have

A

coloured vapours

37
Q

compare cl and br

A

cl2 + 2Br - -> Br2 + 2cl

38
Q

what is the coloured vapour of flourine

A

yellow

39
Q

what is the coloured vapour of chlorine

A

green

40
Q

what is the coloured vapour of bromine

A

red brown

41
Q

what is the vapour colour of iodine

A

purple

42
Q

how reactive are noble gases

A

inert dont

43
Q

what sort of gas are noble gasses

A

colourless

44
Q

how flamable are noble gases

A

cant be set on fire

45
Q

what is boiling point like on noble gases

A

increases as you go down

46
Q

what are the properties of typical metals -transition

A

dense
strong
shiny
conductors of heat n electricity

47
Q

what sort of compounds do transition metals form

A

coloured compounds

48
Q

what sort of ions do transition metals form

A

ions with different charges

49
Q

example of a transition metal as a catalyst

A

haber process making ammonia

50
Q

how dense and boiling points are transition metals compared to group one

A

higher density an melting points

51
Q

which is stronger transition of group one metals

A

transition

52
Q

which is more reactive group one or transition metals

A

group one

53
Q

what did J J Thomson conclude

A

plum pudding model

54
Q

what was the plum pudding model

A

positive pudding negative electrons in it

55
Q

when did J J Thomson come up with plum pudding

A

1897

56
Q

what did rutherford and marsden conduct

A

alpha particle experiment sheet of gold

57
Q

what did rutherford and marsden conclude and what did they come up with

A

plum pudding was wrong and the nuclear model was born

58
Q

what was the nuclear model

A

concentrated positive nucleus with a cloud of negative electrons

59
Q

when was the nuclear model invented

A

1909

60
Q

what did niels bhors nuclear model realise and when

A

electrons orbited in shells at fixed distances 1913

61
Q

what did james chadwick discover and when

A

neutral particles neutrons 1932

62
Q

what were elements arranged in in the early periodic table

A

atomic mass

63
Q

how were elements arranged in Dobereiners triads

A

in groups of three

64
Q

when did he arrange them in triads

A

1817

65
Q

what did he notice about the triads

A

middle element was the average of the atomic weights of top n bottom elements

66
Q

what did john newlands do with elements

A

arranged them in order of increasing atomic weight

67
Q

when did john newlands do this

A

1864

68
Q

but what did newlands not do

A

leave gaps for undiscovered elements

69
Q

what did dimitri mendeleeve do

A

he did the same atomic weights as newlands but left gaps for undiscovered elements

70
Q

when did mendeleeve do this

A

1869

71
Q

what is the modern periodic table arranged in

A

atomic number - protons

chemistry (7 decks)

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