booklet 1-the periodic table Flashcards
what is an atom
the smallest part of an element that can exist it cannot be divided
what is the radius of an atom
1x10-10
what does the nucleus contain
the subatomic particles of protons and neutrons
what charge does a nucleus have and why
positive as the protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge
the nucleus is where almost all of the what is concentrated
all of the mass
what do the shells contain/hold
electrons
what charge do electrons have
negative -1
electrons have virtually no what
mass
mass of proton
1
charge of proton
+1
mass of neutron
1
charge of neutron
0
mass of electron
0
or
1/2000
charge of electron
-1
what charge does an atom have overall and why
no charge equal but opposite charges of protons and electrons balance out
what is an ion
a different form of the same element same number of protons and electrons different neutron number
why is the atom neutral
opposite and equal charges of the electrons and protons
what does the number of protons determine
what sort of atom it is
what is the mass number
protons and neutrons
what is the atomic number
proton number
is mass number top or bottom
top
what does the number of protons equal
the number of electrons
what is a molecule
two or more atoms chemically bonded together
what is a mixture
two or more elements or compounds chemically combined
how can mixtures be separated
filtration
evaporation
distillation
chromatography
what remains unchanged in a mixture
properties of a substance
what is the equation to work out atomic mass
mass number times amount plus mass number times amount over 100
what is the density of group one metals like
low density
how hard are group one elements
can be cut are soft
what do group one metals react to produce
hydrogen gas and a alkaline metal hydroxide
what happens as you go down group one
more reactive
why are they more reactive as you go down group one
outer electron held onto less tightly by the force of positive pull of nucleus
why are group seven metals less reactive as you go down
outer electron that is gained is so more easily
what is a halogen atom that has a full outer shell called
halide ion
what type of reactions do halide ions take place in
displacement
what do halide ions have
coloured vapours
compare cl and br
cl2 + 2Br - -> Br2 + 2cl
what is the coloured vapour of flourine
yellow
what is the coloured vapour of chlorine
green
what is the coloured vapour of bromine
red brown
what is the vapour colour of iodine
purple
how reactive are noble gases
inert dont
what sort of gas are noble gasses
colourless
how flamable are noble gases
cant be set on fire
what is boiling point like on noble gases
increases as you go down
what are the properties of typical metals -transition
dense
strong
shiny
conductors of heat n electricity
what sort of compounds do transition metals form
coloured compounds
what sort of ions do transition metals form
ions with different charges
example of a transition metal as a catalyst
haber process making ammonia
how dense and boiling points are transition metals compared to group one
higher density an melting points
which is stronger transition of group one metals
transition
which is more reactive group one or transition metals
group one
what did J J Thomson conclude
plum pudding model
what was the plum pudding model
positive pudding negative electrons in it
when did J J Thomson come up with plum pudding
1897
what did rutherford and marsden conduct
alpha particle experiment sheet of gold
what did rutherford and marsden conclude and what did they come up with
plum pudding was wrong and the nuclear model was born
what was the nuclear model
concentrated positive nucleus with a cloud of negative electrons
when was the nuclear model invented
1909
what did niels bhors nuclear model realise and when
electrons orbited in shells at fixed distances 1913
what did james chadwick discover and when
neutral particles neutrons 1932
what were elements arranged in in the early periodic table
atomic mass
how were elements arranged in Dobereiners triads
in groups of three
when did he arrange them in triads
1817
what did he notice about the triads
middle element was the average of the atomic weights of top n bottom elements
what did john newlands do with elements
arranged them in order of increasing atomic weight
when did john newlands do this
1864
but what did newlands not do
leave gaps for undiscovered elements
what did dimitri mendeleeve do
he did the same atomic weights as newlands but left gaps for undiscovered elements
when did mendeleeve do this
1869
what is the modern periodic table arranged in
atomic number - protons
