booklet 2 Flashcards
Disability adjusted life years (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALYS are calculated as the sum of the years
lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability for people living with the health condition or its consequences.
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries + dying prematurely
Specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Years of Life lost (YLL)
A measure of how many years of
expected life are lost due to
premature death.
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.
Self assessed health status
An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general. It is commonly sourced from population surveys.
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can
expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth.
HALE
The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury.
Mortality
Refers to death, often at a population level. The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100 000); sometimes referred as ‘death rate’
Health status
An individual’s or a population’s overall level of health and wellbeing taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity.
Maternal Mortality
The number of mothers who die as a
result of pregnancy, childbirth or
associated treatment per 100 000 women who give birth (or per
100,000 live births).
Under 5 Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live
births.
Infant Mortality Rate
The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually
expressed per 1000 live birth.
Prevalence
The total number or
proportion of cases of a
particular disease or
condition present in a
population at a given
time.
Incidence
Refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/ condition in a
population during a given period.
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and
the levels of ill health in a population
or group
