AOS sac 1 (B3 part 1) Flashcards
Bio factors defintion
Factors relating to the body that
impact on health and wellbeing.
Relate to the structure of the cells,
tissues and systems of the body and
how adequately they function.
Bio factors aspects
- body weight
- age
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol
- glucose regulation
- birth weight
- genetics including sex, hormones,
body shape, genetic predisposition
Environmental factors definition
The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. The way people interact with the physical environment can increase or decrease the risk of negative health outcomes.
Environmental factors aspects
- Housing
- Work Environment
- Urban design and infrastructure
- climate and climate change
O + O description
Obesity and overweight contribute significantly to variations in
health outcomes between individuals and groups.
They’re risk factors for a range of conditions e.g. high blood pressure, CVD, type 2 diabetes
O + O impact on health status
Excess weight puts strain on the
heart -> increasing blood pressure
-> contributing to hypertension ->
Increases incidence of heart attack
and stroke – > higher Mortality Rate & lower LE
O + O on h & w
may face social exclusion and discrimination – >lower self-esteem – MH&WB
Sleep apnoea – > very tired and little
energy – PH&WB
Blood cholesterol description
a type of fat. Excessive cholesterol production caused by genetics, poor diet, smoking
Blood cholesterol impact on health status
Too much LDLs leads to narrowing of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) –>
increases incidence of CVD –> heart attack -> Increases morbidity –> vascular dementia
Blood cholesterol impact on H & W
Restricted blood flow to brain –> interfere thought processes, including
processing information -> problem solving – MH&WB
Description of genetics
Genetic material – sex, body type, hormone production and personality
– >influences health status
Genetic predisposition – some individuals may be more likely to experience some conditions than others EG skin cancer, depression, obesity
Genetics impact on health status
Sex – prostate and testicular –> male only -> more prevalence of p+ t cancer -> male mr + mr
ovarian – females only -> more prevalence of ovarian cancer -> female mr+mr
Hormones/ Gender
Menopause –> more susceptible fractures and breaks -> reduced levels of oestrogen ->
Testosterone –> risk taking behaviours &
aggression (road accidents + injuries) -> increase male mortality rates
Genetics impact on h & w
Genetics plays a role in people’s personalities – > more outgoing –> More likely to create long-lasting + meaningful relationships - SH&WB
Bodily processes influenced by genetics – faster metabolism – > less likely to gain weight – PH&WB
Testosterone – > impulsive behaviour
–> greater risk of injury – PH&WB
Socioeconomic status definition
Refers to a person’s position in society
relative to other people based on 3
factors – income, occupation and
education
The more socioeconomically
disadvantaged -> the poorer the health
outcomes
Socioeconomic status on health status
Income – people HSES access to resources (food, housing, health care)
–> reduce MR and MR and
increase LE
Occupation – generally LSES - manual workers (factories) – > occupational hazards –> higher Morbidity %
Education - those health literate
– >understand health information
–> decrease risk preventable diseases
Less literate – > no notice health promotion messages -> Increased smoking
Cultural background description (civt) and (gfab)
Cultural background relates to customs, ideas, values and traditions of a particular society that are passed through generations.
Cultural backgrounds that impact health outcomes include gender stereotypes, food intake, attitudes and beliefs.
Cultural background health status
Language – conditions undiagnosed
->higher MR & MR
Diet –> ATSI –> western diet – > higher rates obesity
Traditional medicine vs ‘western medicine’ –> culturally inappropriate
Males consume more alcohol –> injuries
Males less likely to access health care and more violent
Media – > eating disorders
Commercial factors description
The impact the private sector has on consumption patterns of individuals and groups. They include:
- labour conditions
- distribution and affordability of
products
- marketing strategies
- use of the media.
Commercial factors health status
Marketing -> Increased consumption of products e.g. alcohol + energy-dense foods
->increase the prevalence of T2D, some
cancers and CVD -> can contribute to increased mortality rates.
Dangerous labour conditions
->increase the incidence of injuries and, in some cases, lead to death -> reducing life expectancy.
Commercial factors Impact H&WB
Exposure to marketing techniques
-> increase people participating in activities that can detract from health e.g. alcohol and e-cigarettes + gambling + consuming energy dense foods – PH&WB
Cultural background H & W
Women who provide full-time care -> may experience a form of social isolation -> impact their mental h & w
-> contribute to higher rates of negative thought patterns.
AFL and rugby league still generally considered masculine sports ->These sports can increase the risk of injuries among males.
Religion –> purpose in life - Spiritual H & W
Sociocultural factors definiton -bglwa (3 examples)
Relate to the social and cultural conditions
into which people are born, grow, live, work
and age. Many of these factors are beyond
the control of individuals.
Examples:
- socioeconomic status
- cultural background
- commercial factors
Housing definition
Housing environment can promote or detract from h & w. Poor quality housing is associated with higher rates of injury, mental health problems and
infectious diseases.
Housing on health status (At least two examples)
- ventilation & hygiene –
poor ventilation – mould –
respiratory conditions –
increased morbidity from
infectious diseases
*pollutants – tobacco smoke,
asbestos, dust, pet hair –
respiratory
*lack of refrigeration and
cooking facilities – rely take
away foods – obesity
*access water and sanitation
– reduce risk of infectious
diseases
Housing h & w
*adequate sleeping conditions
–>adequate energy levels – PH&WB
*security –> secure elements and intruders (stress + anxiety) – MH&WB
*Place for people to meet –> Social H&WB
*overcrowding –> stress and anxiety - MH&WB
Climate + Climate change
There is increasing concern that changes to the environment
are contributing to climate change, resulting in extreme temperatures, rising sea levels, increased occurrence of natural.
Impact of climate change affects most vulnerable – remote
areas (poor housing lower incomes), elderly, young, sick
Climate change on health status
*UV radiation – > increased incidence of skin cancer
- droughts and floods –> damage to
infrastructure and food production –>
contributed to mortality and morbidity
*Bush fires – > mortality rates
*smoke – > respiratory conditions
Climate change on h & w
*Extreme weather events – > stress
and anxiety – MH&WB
- Loss of infrastructure and homes
–> SpH&WB
*Bushfires –> increased asthma –>
PH&WB
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Early life experiences on h & w + health status
Slowed growth during infancy -> impaired cardiovascular, respiratory and kidney function -> illness in later life (Physical)
Abuse/neglect in early years -> increased risk of emotional and behavioural problems -> drug and substance abuse -> overdose may lead to premature death (YLL)
