book 2 grammar Flashcards
지만
“but”
attached to a verb or an adjective , is used to connect two clauses that are apposite with each other.
ex 축구는 좋자만 야구는 싫어요
i like soccer but i don’t like baseball
축구 soccer
좋 like
자만 but
야구 baseball
싫어요 i don’t want
보다
“more than ( noun)”/” than (noun)”
attached to a noun, it is used as part of the sentence that is being compared
ex 모니카 씨의 고향은 서울보다 커요
-monica is your hometown bigger than Seoul
모니카monica
고향 hometown
서울 seoul
보다 than
커요 bigger
에
at; to
location particles also means “at to “. it can be used o mark a location, a time, a situation.
ex
I 는 3pm에 went - 에 “time”
I 는 park에 went- 에” location”
에서
used to donate the location on which the subject is doing something in.
ex
저는 학교에서 공부할 거예요
저 me
학교 school
에서 location particles (where will happen.)
공부할 거예요 will study
하고
and/ with
used like a particle that is added to nouns without space.
ex.
한국어하고 영어 공부해요
한국어 korea
하고 and
영어 English
공부해요 study
(이)랑
and/with
used like a particle that is added to nouns without space.
ex.
한국어랑 영어 공부해요
한국어 korea
랑 and
영어 English
공부해요 study
V+아/어 주세요
“please give me”
is used to ask for a favour from someone.
conjugation is to remove ‘다’ from the basic form of the verb,
If there is a vowel ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ㅗ’ in the stem, ‘주세요’ is used.
If the vowel in the stem is other than ‘ㅏ or ㅗ’, then ‘어 주세요’ is used.
When the verb ends with 하, the form changes to ‘해 주세요’.
EX
1)이태원 가 주세요. Please take me to Itaewon.
2)문 좀 열어 주세요. Please open the door.
(으)세요
is a polite imperative ending, and so by attaching this ending to a verb stem, it gives the meaning of ‘please do (something)’. To help you understand what we mean. used to give a command, instruction, or to make a request.
EX
가다 [ga-da] = to go
가세요 [ga-se-yo] = please go
앉다 [an-da] = to sit
앉으세요 [an-jeu-se-yo] = please sit
-(으)로
-(으)로 is used to indicate direction, method, cause, and status, and it can be translated ‘with’, ‘by’, ‘as’, ‘for’, or ‘to’.
Ex.
Usage #1.
-(으)로 can mark a noun that is used as a method, ingredient, or a tool. This case –(으)로 is often translated as ‘with’, ‘by’, or ‘using~’
ex)
밀가루로 빵을 만들었어요.
I made bread with flour. (I made bread, using flour.)
*밀가루: flour *빵: bread *만들다: to make
Usage #2.
-(으)로 can mark the direction or place where someone is going. This case –(으)로 is often translated as ‘to’, or ‘towards’
Ex)
학교로 가요
I go to school.
*학교: school
Usage #3.
‘-으로’ can mark a cause of something that happens. This case –(으)로 is often translated as ‘from’, or ‘for’
Ex)
사고로 다쳤어요.
I got hurt from an accident.
*사고: accident *다치다: to get hurt
Usage #4.
‘-으로’ can mark the status or identity of a person doing something. This case –(으)로 is often translated as ‘as’
Ex)
저는 작년에 가수로 데뷔했어요.
I made a debut as a singer last year.
*작년: last year *가수: singer *데뷔하다: to make a debut
고 싶디
” want to”
express the wish or hope of the speaker and corresponds. it is used after the verb wether batchim or vowels.
Ex
먹다 (to eat) > 먹고 싶다 – to want to eat
가다 (to go) > 가고 싶다 – to want to go
보다 (to see) > 보고 싶다 – to want to see
되다 (to become) > 되고 싶다 – to want to become
(으)ㄹ 까요
“shall I”
used when the speaker wants to make a suggestion to the listener.
Ex)
1) 같이 먹을까요?
Shall we eat together?
*먹다: to eat
2)진 씨가 식사를 할까요?
Do you think Jin is going to eat?
I wonder if Jin is going to eat.
*식사를 하다: to eat, to have a meal
(으)ㄹ 래요
it is used to express the speakers opinion in a declarative
ex
1)Consonant ~을래? [polite: 을래요?]
먹다 to eat 먹을래(요)?
[ex] 친구: 뭐 먹을래? What would you like to eat?
나: 나는 비빔밥 먹을래. I want to eat bibimbap.
앉다 to sit 앉을래(요)?
[ex] 우리 여기 잠깐 앉을래? Would you like to sit here for a minute?
있다 to exist, stay 있을래(요)?
[ex] 나는 집에 있을래. 피곤해. I want to stay home. I’m tired. (sounding firm)
2)Vowel ~ㄹ래? [polite: ㄹ래요?]
하다 to do 할래(요)?
[ex] 내일 뭐 할래요? What would you like to do tomorrow?
가다 to go 갈래(요)?
[ex] 라면 먹고 갈래? Would you like to eat Ramyeon and go?
보다 to watch, look 볼래(요)?
[ex] 주말에 영화 볼래? Do you want to watch a movie on the weekend?
안
“not”
Using the negative adverb 안 [an] to make negative sentences is really easy. All you need to do is place 안 in front of the verb or adjective in a sentence. Let’s look at some examples.
마시다 [ma-si-da] = to drink (verb)
아침에 커피를 마셔요. [a-chim-e keo-pi-reul ma-syeo-yo] = I drink coffee in the morning.
아침에 커피를 안 마셔요. [a-chim-e keo-pi-reul an ma-syeo-yo] = I don’t drink coffee in the morning.
(이)네요 / 네요
(이)네요 and 네요 are used to express feelings or surprise about some new information. The new information can be something the speaker found out from seeing, hearing, tasting, or smelling something. To help you understand what we mean, here are some examples:
머리를 잘랐네요. = I see that you got your hair cut.
벌써 여름이네요! = Wow, it’s already summer!
날씨가 덥네요. = Oh, the weather is hot.
~(는)군요
The usage of ~(는)군요 is fairly simple. It is used by the speaker to express surprise, a sudden realization of something new. For example, if you want to say to someone, “Oh! you like ice cream”, you will say, 아이스크림을 좋아하는군요.
This grammar pattern is used when speaker learns a new fact/information and reacts with surprise. This can be used for direct observation or experience.
It can be equivalent to saying “ I see / I didn’t know that. “
For e.g. Is that so? I didn’t knew that He is a teacher.
그렇군요? 그는 선생님인지 몰랐어요.
