book 1 grammar 2 Flashcards
A/V- 고
and
It links two main clauses.
Internet shopping is cheap and convenient.
인터넷 쇼핑은 싸고 편리해요.
Internet
shopping
cheap and
convenient
Tuan is sleeping and I am playing a game.
투안은 자고 저는 게임해요.
Tuan
sleep and
I
play game
V-(으)ㄹ게요
will”
It expresses a speaker’s intention to do something.
I will call you.
제가 전화할게요.
I
will call
I will wipe away the dust.
제가 먼지를 닦을게요.
I
dust
will wipe
V-는 것
-ing
It is used as one of the verbal noun forms attached to a verb.
It is interesting to learn a foreign language.
외국어 배우는 것이 재미있어요.
foreign language
learning
interesting
I don’t like cooking.
저는 요리하는 것을 싫어해요.
I
cooking
hate
A/V-는데/ (으)ㄴ데
“but, so, therefore”
It is used to suggest the previous situation in order to develop a conversation.
There is a lot of rain. Close the window, please.
비가 많이 오는데 창문을 닫으세요.
rain
a lot
come(rain)
window
close please
The weather is nice. Will we go out somewhere today?
날씨도 좋은데 우리 오늘 놀러 갈까요?
weather also
good
we
today
shall (we) go out
V-(으)ㄹ까요
“shall “
It is used to ask for the listener’s opinions or permission. (subject ‘I’) It is used to ask about what the listener is thinking and to get permission.
Shall we go on a trip?
우리 여행갈까요?
we
shall (we) go on a trip
Shall I close the window?
제가 창문을 닫을까요?
I
window
shall (1) close
V-(으)면 안 되다
“should not, must not”
It expresses prohibition of an action or refusal of permission.
You should not park here.
여기에 주차하면 안 돼요.
here
should not park
You must not take pictures inside the museum.
박물관 안에서는 사진을 찍으면 안 돼요.
museum
inside
picture
must not take
A/V-(으)니까
“so “
It expresses a cause or a reason for an action that follows. It is usually used with ‘-(으)세요’, ‘-(으)ㄹ까요’, ‘-(으)ㄹ래요’, ‘-(으)ㅂ시다’
The traffic is heavy, so take the subway.
차가 막히니까 지하철을 타고 가세요.
car
got stuck so
subway
take please
Why don’t we go outside because the weather is nice?
날씨가 좋으니까 밖으로 나갈까요?
weather
good so
outside
shall (we) go out
A/V-(으)시
The honorific ~시 is used to show respect/honor towards the subject of the sentence. It’s a suffix for verbs/adjectives, not a sentence ending, so you can add it to all kinds of other grammar patterns.
It is used to honor the subject.
My father is tall.
우리 아버지는 키가 크세요.
our(my)
father
tall
What is the teacher reading now?
선생님은 지금 무슨 책을 읽으세요?
teacher
now
what
book
read
V-(으)면서
“while “
It is used to indicate that the contents of the preceding verb are concurrent with the contents of the latter.
I eat bread while watching movies.
영화를 보면서 빵을 먹어요.
moviy
while watching
bread
eat
I talked with my friend while we were eating.
밥을 먹으면서 이야기했어요.
meal
while eating
talked
V-아야 되다/어야 되다/ 해야 되다
“have to”, “should”
It shows obligation.
It also represents a justification that something ought to be so.
You should take off your shoes before coming in.
신발을 벗고 들어가야 돼요.
shoes
take off and
should go in
You have to place a rice bowl on the tale and eat.
식탁에 밥그릇을 놓고 먹어야 해요.
table on
rice bowl
place and
have to eat
V-기 쉽다/어렵다
“easy” or “hard “
easy -기 쉽다
difficult -기 어렵다
It means that it is easy or difficult for the verb to do the action.
This book is easy to learn and interesting.
이 책은 배우기 쉽고 재미있어요.
this
book
to learn
easy and
interesting
It is difficult to get up early in the morning.
아침에 일찍 일어나기 어려워요.
morning in
early
to get up
difficult
N-마다
“every”
It is used to express time, indicates that a certain action takes place on a regular basis.
I ride a bicycle in the park every weekend.
주말마다 공원에서 자전거를 타요.
weekend every
park in
bicycle
ride
The subway comes every three minutes.
지하철이 삼 분마다 와요.
subway
three
minutes every
come
A/V-았/었으면 좋겠다
” hope , wish ”
It is used to express a wish or a hope.
I hope the weather will be nice tomorrow.
내일 날씨가 좋았으면 좋겠어요.
tomorrow
weather
good hope
I wish I could make a lot of money.
돈을 많이 벌었으면 좋겠어요.
money
a lot
earn wish
V-(으)ㄴ 후에
“after”
It represents the meaning of ‘after something is done’.
I’m planning to go after work.
일이 끝난 후에 가려고 해요.
work
after finishing
plan to go
Take this medicine after eating.
밥을 먹은 후에 이 약을 드세요.
meal
after eating
this
medicine
eat(take) please
V-지 마세요
“don’t “
It is used to indicate that the listener is prevented from doing any action.
Don’t go outside.
밖에 나가지 마세요.
outside
don’t go out please
Don’t eat dairy products today.
오늘은 유제품을 먹지 마세요.
today
dairy products
don’t eat please
