Bony Fishes Diversity

Question 1

Which group of Bony fish has a dorsal swim/gas bladder separated from digestive passage?

Answer 1

Acipenseriformes

Question 2

What type of lung did Polypteriformes have?

Answer 2

Ventral lungs

Question 3

What is retained in Acipensiformes unlike most vertebrates, why?

Answer 3

A notochord, due to bone reduction, for support

Question 4

What are two examples of Holostei?

Answer 4

Gars and Bowfin

Question 5

What is the fin trend in Teleost fish?

Answer 5

Pelvic fins moved forward near pectoral; pectoral fins moved up behind the gill (& elongated)

Question 6

What are Pelagic eggs?

Answer 6

Eggs released into the water column to be carried around by current

Question 7

What are Demersal eggs?

Answer 7

Eggs that are laid in one place on the substrate or structures

Question 8

What bony fish group evolved pelagic eggs?

Answer 8

Teleosts

Question 9

Why did teleosts experience an increase in suction feeding?

Answer 9

More suction Created by jaws pushing outward in a tube/straw shape.
Bottom of mouth drops + operculars expand which creates strong suction with the narrow mouth opening

Question 10

Why were Teleosts able to do more suction feeding?

Answer 10

Less Dermal bone in jaws/face made them more mobile

Question 11

Within the group Elopomorpha what are Tarpons and Eels united by?

Answer 11

Leptocephalus larvae

Question 12

Which group evolved Schreckstoff and Webarian apparatus?

Answer 12

The Ostariophysi

Question 13

What does Schreckstoff do?

Answer 13

It is released from skin and smells bad and scares off predators

Question 14

What is the webarian apparatus?

Answer 14

Connects the swim bladder to the ears (internal) and detects vibrations from gas bladder which is transmitted to ear and amplifies sounds/movements

Question 15

Where did physoclistic gas bladder evolve?

Answer 15

Acanthopterygii (spiny finned teleosts)

Question 16

What does physoclistic gas bladder finally achieve?

Answer 16

Complete independence of gas bladder

Question 17

What are the types of swimming?

Answer 17

Anguillaform
Carangioform
Thuniform
Rajiform
Labriform
Gymnotiform
Amiiform
Balistiform

Question 18

What is Anguillaform?

Answer 18

Anguillaform - whole-body undulation - Eels

Question 19

What is Carangioform?

Answer 19

Carangioform - most of body undulation

Question 20

What is Thuniform?

Answer 20

Tail has small connection - other fish tail connections are more fleshy - move by muscular movement and then tail flick at the end

Question 21

What is Rajiform?

Answer 21

Primarily pectorals for movement - skate or ray like large and wide

Question 22

What is Labriform?

Answer 22

Primarily pectorals for movement - flapping motion

Question 23

Are Rajiform, Labriform, or Thuniform movement more energy intensive?

Answer 23

Rajiform and Labriform

Question 24

What is Gymnotiform?

Answer 24

Anal fin for movemtn

Question 25

What is Amiiform?

Answer 25

Dorsal fin movement - often have large flat dorsal fin and sinusidal wave going through dorsal fin gives propulsion. Allows for more finer control

Question 26

What is Balistiform?

Answer 26

Combo of anal and dorsal fin

Question 27

What are the types of birth?

Answer 27

Oviparous (Demersal or Pelagic) Viviparous Oviviparous

Question 28

What are the types of nutrition?

Answer 28

Lecithotrophy Matrotrophy

Question 29

What ar the types of hermaphroditic fish?

Answer 29

Simulataneous - both genders at same time Sequential - change during life

Question 30

For a sequential hermaphrodite what’s it called when they are male 1st?

Answer 30

Protoandrous

Question 31

For a sequential hermaphrodite what is it called when they are female 1st?

Answer 31

Protogynous

Question 32

What is an example of a simultaneous hermaphrodite?

Answer 32

Harlequin bass

Question 33

What is an example of a protoandrous sequential hermaphrodite?

Answer 33

Clownfish

Question 34

What is an example of a protogynous sequential hermaphrodite?

Answer 34

Blue Headed Wrasse

Question 35

What are external fertilization methods and aids for bony fish?

Answer 35

larger testes for more abundant sperm increased courtship and pairing to coordinate gamete release selection for intermittent organs gonapodium (fin modification of anal fin) diversity in paternal care

Question 36

What are ways of sex determination in bony fish?

Answer 36

genetic environmental factors parthenogenic size (protoandrous, protogynous)

Question 37

What are some environmental factors that can determine sex?

Answer 37

temperature, sex density

Question 38

WHat is parthenogenesis?

Answer 38

when an animal develops from an unfertilized egg (asexual reproduction) most can do both.

Question 39

WHat is kleptogenesis?

Answer 39

type of parthenogenesis that requires male to produce sperm, egg rejects the sperm DNA and develops on its own