Bones Unit

Question 1

5 functions of the bones

Answer 1

1. support the body
2. protect soft organs
3. allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles
4. store minerals and fats
5. blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Question 2

Parts of the skeletal system

Answer 2

Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

Question 3

Two subdivisions of the skeleton

Answer 3

axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton

Question 4

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 4

Fetal skeleton has over 300 bones and adult skeleton has 206 bones

Question 5

Two types of bone tissue

Answer 5

Compact bone and spongy bone

Question 6

Long bones

Answer 6

typically longer than they are wide; shaft with heads situated at both ends; contain mostly compact bone; all of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones)

Question 7

4 classifications of bones are

Answer 7

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 8

Short bones

Answer 8

generally cube-shaped; contain mostly spongy bone; includes wrist and ankle

Question 9

Sesamoid bones

Answer 9

bones are a typically of short bone which form within tendons (patella)

Question 10

Flat bones

Answer 10

thin, flattened, and usually curved; two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone

Question 11

Irregular bones

Answer 11

irregular shape; do not fit into other bone classification categories

Question 12

Anatomy of a long bone is

Answer 12

Diaphysis: shaft; composed of compact bone
Epiphysis: ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone

Question 13

Anatomy of long bone

Answer 13

periosteum, perforating, arteries, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line, and marrow

Question 14

Surface features of bones

Answer 14

sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 15

Categories of bone markings

Answer 15

grow out from the bone surface; terms often begin with ‘t”

Question 16

Depressions/cavities

Answer 16

indentations; terms often begin with “F”

Question 17

Two subdivisions of the skeleton

Answer 17

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

Question 18

Axial skeleton

Answer 18

forms the longitudinal axis; divided into 3 parts: skull, vertebral column, bony thorax/ribs

Question 19

Skull

Answer 19

2 sets of bones: cranium, facial bones; joined by sutures; only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

Question 20

Hyoid Bone

Answer 20

does not articulate with another bone; serves as a moveable base for the tongue; aids in swallowing and speech

Question 21

Vertebral Column

Answer 21

each vertebrae is given a name according to its location; 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs

Question 22

Primary curvatures

Answer 22

primary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions; present from birth; form a C-shaped curvature as in newborns

Question 23

Secondary curvatures

Answer 23

curvatures are the spinal curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions; develop after birth; form an S-shaped curvature as in adults

Question 24

Ribs

Answer 24

forms a cage to protect major organs; consists of 3 parts: sternum, Ribs (true, false, floating), thoracic vertebrae

Question 25

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 25

composed of two bones: clavicle, scapula; bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

Question 26

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

composed of 126 bones: limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Question 27

Bones of Upper Limbs

Answer 27

humerus, forearm (ulna, radius), Hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)

Question 28

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 28

composed of three pairs of fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis); total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis; protects several organs: reproductive, urinary bladder, part of the large intestine

Question 29

Gender differences of the pelvis -female

Answer 29

inlet is larger and more circular, as a whole is shallower, bones are lighter and thinner, sacrum is shorter and less, public arch is more rounded

Question 30

Bones of the lower limbs

Answer 30

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 31

Functional Classification of Joints

Answer 31

Synarthroses: immovable joints Amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable joints Diarthroses: freely moveable joints

Question 32

Joints

Answer 32

articulations of bones; functions of joints; two ways joints are classified which is functionally and structurally

Question 33

Structural Classification of Joints

Answer 33

fibrous joints: generally immovable cartilaginous joints: immovable or slightly moveable synovial joints; freely moveable

Question 34

Fibrous joints

Answer 34

bones united by collagenic fibers

Question 35

Types of fibrous joints

Answer 35

sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis

Question 36

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 36

bones connected by cartilage

Question 37

Types of cartilaginous

Answer 37

Synchrondrosis, Symphysis

Question 38

Synovial joints

Answer 38

articulating bones are separated by a joints cavity; fluid is found in the joint cavity

Question 39

Features of synovial joints

Answer 39

articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones; capsule encloses joint surfaces and lined with membrane

Question 40

Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone

Answer 40

Osteon (Haversian System), Central (Haversian) canal, Perforating (Volkmann's) canal

Question 41

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone

Answer 41

Lacunae, Lamellae, Canaliculi

Question 42

Formation of the Human Skeleton

Answer 42

embryos: primarily hyaline cartilage