Human Anatomy: cells and tissue unit

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

building blocks of all life; smallest functioning units of life; produced by pre-existing cells

Question 2

3 main regions of cells

Answer 2

nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

control the center of the cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

consists of genetic material; nucleolus, and nuclear envelope with pores

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

intracellular fluid or ICF

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

fluid like material between nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

jelly-like fluid that suspends other elements (organelles, ions, proteins, waste, nutrients

Question 8

Organelles

Answer 8

known as “little organs;
structures that perform specific functions; amounts are determined by type of cell

Question 9

Plasma membrane

Answer 9

barrier for cell contents

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

double phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads/ hydrophobic tails); contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

made of protein and RNA; sites of protein synthesis

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

found at 2 locations, the cytoplasm and Rough ER

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

fluid-like tubules for carrying substances

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

powerhouse of the cell

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

change shape continuously; carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food; provides ATP for cellular energy

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

modifies and packages proteins; produces different types of packages such as secretory vesicles, cell membrane components, ad lysosomes

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

contain enzymes produced by ribosomes; packaged by the Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

digest worn-out or non-usable materials within the cell

Question 19

Peroxisomes

Answer 19

membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes; detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde

Question 20

Peroxisomes

Answer 20

break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals); replicate by pinching in half

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

network of protein structure throughout the cytoplasm; provides an internal framework

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

three different types of elements make this up: microfilaments (largest), intermediate filaments, and microtubules (smallest)

Question 23

Centrioles

Answer 23

rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules;

Question 24

Centrioles

Answer 24

direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 25

Cellular projections

Answer 25

not found in all cells

Question 26

Cilia

Answer 26

move materials across the cell surface; located in the respiratory system to move mucus

Question 27

Flagella

Answer 27

propel the cell; only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

Question 28

Microvilli (villi)

Answer 28

tiny, finger like extensions of the plasma membrane; increase surface area for absorption; located in the digestive tract

Question 29

Microtubules

Answer 29

consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell

Question 29

Cell membrane

Answer 29

composed of a phospholipid bilayer and transports materials in and out of cell

Question 30

Cilia

Answer 30

small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things

Question 31

Flagella

Answer 31

longer whip-like structures used for movement