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PA-CAT Anatomy > Bones of The Skull > Flashcards

Bones of The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Ophthalmic branch
  2. maxillary branch
  3. mandibular branch
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2
Q

The maxillary branch exits through where

A

Foramen rotundum

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3
Q

What are the nerves of the maxillary branch?

A
  1. Infraorbital Nerve
  2. Zygomatic nerve
  3. Sphenopalatine Nerve
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4
Q

What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply?

A
  1. Gingiva
  2. Posterior cheek
  3. Nasal floor
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5
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve supply?

A
  1. Skin and mucous membranes of the middle face
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6
Q

What does the sphenopalatine nerve supply?

A
  1. Soft palate
  2. Hard palate
  3. Nasal cavity
  4. Pharyx
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7
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve supply?

A
  1. Lacrimal gland
  2. Forehead
  3. Cheek
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8
Q

Which bones make up the lamboidal structure?

A

Parietal and occipital bone

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9
Q

Which bones make up the sagittal surure?

A

Right and left parietal bones

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10
Q

Which bones form the coronal suture?

A

Parietal bones and frontal bone

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11
Q

What suture is formed with the temporal and frontal bone

A

No suture

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12
Q

Which is the innermost layer of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Pia mater

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13
Q

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

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14
Q

What is the middle layer of the minenges called?

A

Arachnoid mater

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15
Q

A 25 year old man presents 1 week after an emergency department visit for a grand mal seizure. On examination, the pateint is unable to clench his jaw. What muscle was damaged?

A. Buccinator
B. Lateral pterygold
C. Masseter
D. Temporalis

A

D. Temporalis

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16
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do?

A

Inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible. With an act of severe clenching the connection of the coronoid process can be disrupted, causing inablity to clench the haw

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17
Q

Where does the buccinator originate from? What does it help with?

A
  1. Originates from the mandible and maxilla and attaches to the oribicularis oris muscle
  2. It helps with mastication (chewing), blowing, and suckling
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18
Q

How many bones are in the human cranium?

A

22 bones

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19
Q

The human cranium is divided into two things. What are they

A
  1. neurocranium

2. Viscerocranium

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20
Q

The neurocranium divides into the calvaria which is also called what?

A

the dome

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21
Q

What are the two things that the neurocranium is divided into?

A
  1. calvaria

2. the base

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22
Q

The neurocranium and viscerocranium do what to the cranial cavity?

A

demarcate it (separate the parts of the cranial cavity)

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23
Q

What does demarcate mean?

A

It separates

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24
Q

All the bones of the skull are connected through an immobile joint referred to as what?

A

A suture

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25
Q

What does it mean if something is synarthrosis?

A

They are strong, fibrous immobile bands

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26
Q

Sutures are also called what?

A

Synarthroses

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27
Q

When do the sutures develop?

A

After birth over the course of two years

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28
Q

What are the most important sutures?

A
  1. Coronal suture
  2. Sagittal suture
  3. Lambdoid suture
  4. Squamous suture
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29
Q

Where is the coronal suture located?

A

Between the two parietal bones and the posterior margin of the frontal bone

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30
Q

Where is the Sagittal suture located?

A

In the median Sagittal plane between the two parietal bones

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31
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture located?

A

Superior portion of the occipital bone and the parietal bones

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32
Q

Where is the squamous suture located?

A

Lies between the temporal bones and superior portion of the parietal bones

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33
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Towards the head; upper portion

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34
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Away from the head; lower body

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35
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Towards the front of the body

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36
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Towards the back of the body

37
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards the middle of the body

38
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Away from the midline of the body

39
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Towards or nearest the point of origin

40
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Furthest away from the point of origin

41
Q

What are fontanels?

A

Soft membranous gaps between cranial bones of the cal aria

42
Q

Fontanels are only seen in what are?

A

Younger than two years of age

43
Q

What is the purpose of having fontanels?

A

It allows the rapidly growing brain to expand

44
Q

The posterior fontanel is located at what suture?

A

Lambdoid suture

45
Q

The anterior fontanel is located at what suture?

A

Coronal suture

46
Q

The posterolateral fontanel is also called what?

47
Q

The anterolateral fontanel is also called what?

A

The sphenoid

48
Q

The pathological process that leads to complete premature ossification is called what?

A

Craniosynostosis

49
Q

What does ossification mean?

A

Abnormal bone formation

50
Q

The calvaria has a smooth outer (convex, concave) surface while the inner is a (convex, concave surface)

A

Convex, concave

51
Q

Which bones are paired? Single?

A

Paired parietal and our temporal bones

Frontal and occipital

52
Q

What is the middle layer of flat bone called?

53
Q

What does dipole contain?

A
  1. Bone marrow (yellow and red)

2. Diploid veins

54
Q

Is the inner layer of the compact bone usually thinner or thicker than the outer?

55
Q

The frontal bone is a pneumatized bone. What does that mean?

A

Because inside of the bone there are two cavities filled with air called the frontal sinuses

56
Q

Superior to the orbital rim of the the anterior surface of the bone are what?

A
  1. Supraciliary arch

2. Supeaorbital notch

57
Q

Is the supraciliary arch more evident in men or women?

58
Q

The small depression between the two arches superior to the orbital rim is called what?

59
Q

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones through which suture?

A

Coronal suture

60
Q

What are the frontal bone articulations with?

A
  1. Parietal bones through coronal suture
  2. With the greater wing of the sphenoid
  3. With the frontal process of the zygomatic bone through the zygomatic process
  4. with the nasal and lacrimal bones
61
Q

The parietal bone is composed of ____ surfaces ______ angles, and _____ margins

62
Q

The parietal bone forms the frontal margin of what angle?

A

Frontal angle

63
Q

The margin of the parietal and occipital bone forms what angle?

A

Sphenoid angle

64
Q

The margin of the parietal and Sagittal forms what angle?

65
Q

The parietal and squamous margin create which angle?

66
Q

The occipital bone contains a large opening through which the spinal cord passes called what?

A

the foramen magnum

67
Q

Which bones contains a large opening called the foramen magnum where the spinal cord passes?

A

Occipital bone

68
Q

What is the squamous part of the occipital bone?

A

smooth portion located centrally

69
Q

What is the Basilar portion of the occipital bone?

A

helps with the formation of the cranial floor

70
Q

The foramen magnum is bound anteriorly by the ________

71
Q

The foramen magnum is bound posteriorly by the

A

internal occipital crest

72
Q

The foramen magnum is bound laterally by the ______

A
  1. jugular tubercles

2. hypoglossal canals

73
Q

In the occipital bone, , there are three transversal nuchal lines. What are they?

A
  1. highest
  2. superior
  3. inferior
74
Q

The two occipital condyles on each side of the foramen magnum articulate with what?

75
Q

The temporal bone is composed of what four parts?

A
  1. squamous
  2. zygomatic process
  3. tympanic and styloid
  4. petramastoid
76
Q

The petramastoid in the temporal bone is subdivided into what two parts?

A
  1. petrous

2. mastoid

77
Q

Which bone houses the structures of the ears?

A

temporal bone

78
Q

Which temporal bone component articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid and parietal bone?

79
Q

Which temporal bone component forms the zygomatic arch with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone?

80
Q

Where is the tympanic bone located?

A

below the zygomatic process and squamous portion of the bone

81
Q

Which temporal bone component has the external acoustic opening with the external acoustic meatus?

82
Q

What temporal bone component part of the petromastoid is the posterior part?

83
Q

What temporal bone component part of the petromastoid is the base?

84
Q

Which temporal bone component has anterior projection and curves anteriorly?

85
Q

Which part of the petromastoid has the air filled cells?

A

the mastoid process

86
Q

What are the two surfaces in the cranial base?

A
  1. endocranium

2. external cranial base

87
Q

What are the components of the cranial base?

A
  1. Sphenoid Bone
  2. Ethmoid Bone
  3. Occipital bone
  4. Frontal bone
  5. Temporal bone
88
Q

Which bone contains the large opening through which the spinal cord passes?

A

Foremen magnum

PA-CAT Anatomy (11 decks)

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