Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons and Muscles

Question 1

Crest

Answer 1

Prominent ridge (Elevation)

Question 2

Head

Answer 2

Enlargement at 1 end of bone beyond the neck (Elevation)

Question 3

Process

Answer 3

Bony prominence/projection (Elevation)

Question 4

Spine

Answer 4

Sharp projection (Elevation)

Question 5

Foramen

Answer 5

Open/perforation in bone/cartilage (Depression)

Question 6

Meatus

Answer 6

Tub or passage way. Ex. External auditory meatus. (Depression)

Question 7

Neck

Answer 7

Constriction near on end of a bone (Depression)

Question 8

Sinus

Answer 8

Cavity within the bone. (Hollowed out part of bone) (Depression)

Question 9

Sulcus

Answer 9

Groove or a furrow.
Ex: Under the ribs. (Depression)

Question 10

Ossification

Answer 10

Cartilage replaced by bone.

Question 11

Articular surfaces

Answer 11

Two structures are coming together

Question 12

Avascular

Answer 12

Cartilage lacks blood supply

Question 13

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 13

Protein fibers are large and predominantly collagen. Found where two bones come together, extremely thin, and hardens with age.

Question 14

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 14

Looks rubbery and is found in the external auditory meatus, epiglottis, eustachian tube and ear lobes.

Question 15

Fibrous/Fibrocartilage

Answer 15

Contains fine collagen fibers arranged in layered arrays. (Sometimes referred to as “beads on a string’).

Question 16

Ligaments

Answer 16

Made of parallel fibers that contain a protein called collagen.

Question 17

Collagen Fibers

Answer 17

Helps skin and connective tissue stay elastic. Flexible and stretchy. Crossing patterns promote stability.

Question 18

Tendons

Answer 18

Tough, non-elastic cords, composed of closely packed parallel fibers. Always paired with muscles and sometimes associated with cartilage and take very long to heal because of little blood supply.

Question 19

Muscles

Answer 19

All movement is the result of muscles therefore they can be considered providing “motor” function.

Question 20

Smooth Muscles

Answer 20

Feature long, narrow “spindle” shaped cells that are arranged parallel to one another and in situ - means in its original place do not show any striations microscopically.

Question 21

What type of muscle is involuntary, which part of the nervous system innervates it and where is it found in the body.

Answer 21

Smooth Muscle - Involuntary: Contract and relax without conscious thought.
Autonomic nervous system.
Found in digestive tract, uterus, bladder, blood vessels and other internal organs.

Question 22

Striated (Skeletal) Muscle Cells

Answer 22

Voluntary: Cognitive control of these muscles.
Appears stripped under microscope.

Question 23

Geometric

Answer 23

Reflex shape of muscle. (Ex: Trapezius).

Question 24

General Form

Answer 24

Describing muscle in some way. Not necessarily by shape.
Ex: Gracilis (slender or delicate), Serratus (saw-like) and Digastricus (2 bellied).

Question 25

Location

Answer 25

Reflect where in the body they may be found.
Ex: Temporalis (Temples of head), Intercostal (Between rib. 12 pairs)

Question 26

Descriptive Terms

Answer 26

Major, Minor, External (superficial), Internal (Deep), Rectus (Straight), Oblique.

Question 27

Number of Heads

Answer 27

Ex: Bicep, Tricep, Quadricep.

Question 28

Attachements

Answer 28

Ex: Sternocleidomastoid (Turn head).
Sternum, Clavicle, Process of temporal bone.

Question 29

Function

Answer 29

Ex: Tensor Tympani (Tenses eardrum)

Question 30

Epimysium

Answer 30

Elastic tissue that surrounds the muscle formed by parallel fascicles (bundles of skeletal muscle tissue–the bundles together form muscles).
OUTER

Question 31

Perimysium

Answer 31

Covering of collagen connective tissue that separates each bundle of muscle fiber (fascicle). This covering contains fat, blood vessels, and nerves.
BETWEEN

Question 32

Endomysium

Answer 32

Covering of the individual muscle fibers that make up a fascicle (bundle). This layer contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes/system.
INNER

Question 33

Sarcomere

Answer 33

Contractile unit of muscle cell. Shorten and drag other.

Question 34

Actin

Answer 34

Thin filament

Question 35

Z-line

Answer 35

Zig zag structures

Question 36

Myosin

Answer 36

Thick filaments

Question 37

Myosin heads

Answer 37

Feathery structures. Interact with Actin to grab and pull together.

Question 38

What parts of the muscle cells causes the muscle fibers to appear striated under a microscope

Answer 38

Bundles of fibers. (Actin on Myosin darker and just Myosin lighter).