Bones/ Cardio

Question 1

Long bones

Answer 1

tubular (example - humerus)

Question 2

Bone markings

Answer 2

appear wherever tendons, ligaments, and fascias are attached or where arteries enter bones

Question 3

Bone markings - tuberosity

Answer 3

large rounded elevation

Question 4

Convergent muscles

Answer 4

arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon (pec major)

Question 5

Multihead or multibellied muscles

Answer 5

have more than one head of attachment or more than one contractile belly (triceps brachii)

Question 6

Bone markings - fossa

Answer 6

hollow or depressed area

Question 7

Bone markings - epicondyle

Answer 7

eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle (lateral epicondyle of humerus)

Question 8

Bone markings - trochanter

Answer 8

large blunt elevation

Question 9

Sesamoid bones

Answer 9

develop in certain tendons, are found where tendons cross ends of long bones in limbs; protect tendons from excessive wear, often change angle of tendons as they pass to attachments

Question 10

Bone markings - crest

Answer 10

ridge of bone (iliac crest)

Question 11

Flat muscles

Answer 11

parallel fibers with an aponeurosis (external oblique, sartorius)

Question 12

Flat bones

Answer 12

serve protective functions (flat bones of cranium protect brain)

Question 13

Irregular bones

Answer 13

various shapes other than long, short, or flat (bones of face)

Question 14

Bone markings - groove

Answer 14

elongated depression or furrow

Question 15

Quadrate muscles

Answer 15

4 equal sides (rectus abdominus)

Question 16

Bone markings - process

Answer 16

extension or protrusion serving a particular purpose, having a characteristic shape or extending in a particular direction (SP of vertebra)

Question 17

Bone markings - head

Answer 17

large, round articular end

Question 18

Bone markings - trochlea

Answer 18

spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley

Question 19

Bone markings - notch

Answer 19

indentation at the edge of a bone

Question 20

Bone markings - line

Answer 20

linear elevation, sometimes called a ridge

Question 21

Short bones

Answer 21

cuboidal and found only in tarsus (ankle) and carpus (wrist)

Question 22

Hinge joint

Answer 22

permits flexion and extension only, movement that occurs in only one plane (elbow)

Question 23

Bone markings - neck

Answer 23

relatively narrow portion proximal to head

Question 24

Circular or sphincteral muscles

Answer 24

surround a body opening or orifice, constricting when contracted (oblicularis oculi)

Question 25

Pennate muscles

Answer 25

feather-like in arrangement of fascicles and may be uni, (extensor digitorum longus) bi (rectus femoris), or multi (deltoid)

Question 26

Plane joint

Answer 26

permits gliding/ sliding movement in plane or articular surfaces (AC & SC joint)

Question 27

Ball and Socket joint

Answer 27

allows movement in multiple axes and planes (flex, ext, add, abd, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction) (hip)

Question 28

Bone markings - capitulum

Answer 28

small, round, articular head (capitulum of humerus)

Question 29

Bone markings - spine

Answer 29

thorn-like process (spine of scap)

Question 30

Bone markings - Foramen

Answer 30

passage through a bone (intervertebral foramen)

Question 31

Bone markings - malleolus

Answer 31

rounded process

Question 32

Pivot joint

Answer 32

permits rotation around a central axis, uniaxial (C1 vertebra rotates around C2 dens)

Question 33

Saddle joint

Answer 33

permits abduction and adduction + flexion and extension, movements occurring around 2 axes at right angles (metacarpal joint at base of thumb)

Question 34

Bone markings - body

Answer 34

principal mass of a bone (shaft of long bones; weight-bearing portion of vertebrae)

Question 35

Bone markings - shaft

Answer 35

diaphysis or body of a long bone

Question 36

Fusiform muscles

Answer 36

spindle-shaped with a round, thick belly and tapered ends (biceps brachii)

Question 37

Bone markings - protuberance

Answer 37

bulge or projection of bone

Question 38

Bone markings - tubercle

Answer 38

small raised eminence

Question 39

Bone markings - facet

Answer 39

smooth, flat area, usually covered in cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone (costal facet)

Question 40

Bone markings - condyle

Answer 40

rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occurs in pairs (lateral and medial femoral condyle)