Bones and the skeleton 2

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Answer 1

Skull, rib cage, vertebral column

Question 2

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Answer 2

• Upper limbs, scapulae and clavicles
• Lower limbs and pelvis

Question 3

How is the upper limb attached to the skeleton?

Answer 3

The clavicle (collar bone) and scapula (shoulder blade) attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton, forming the pectoral girdle.

Question 4

What attaches the lower limb to the rest of the body?

Answer 4

Pelvis and sacrum

Question 5

Which 3 bones form the pelvic girdle?

Answer 5

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 6

What are the names of the sections of the vertebral column moving superior to inferior?

Answer 6

C1-C7 (Cervicial)
T1-T12 (Thoracic)
L1-L5 (Lumbar)
5 fused vertebrae in sacrum
3-5 fused vertebrae in coccyx

Question 7

How many ‘normal’ curves are there in the vertebral column?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What are kyphotic curves?

Answer 8

Primary, present in foetus

Question 9

What are lordotic curves?

Answer 9

Secondary, formed later

Question 10

What is the function of the vertebral body?

Answer 10

Large part, bears most of the weight of the spine. Intervertebral discs sit above and below.

Question 11

What is the function of the transverse process?

Answer 11

These stick out and are for muscle attachment in the thoracic region, ribs attach here.

Question 12

What is the function of the spinous process?

Answer 12

Ligament and muscle attachment.

Question 13

What is the function of the pedicle?

Answer 13

joins the body and transverse process

Question 14

What is the function of the lamina?

Answer 14

joins transverse process with spinous process

Question 15

What is the function of the articular facet?

Answer 15

joins with next vertebrae above/below in the chain

Question 16

What is the function of the vertebral foramen?

Answer 16

where spinal cord is passing

Question 17

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 17

12

Question 18

Which ribs are true ribs, and why?

Answer 18

Ribs 1-7 are true ribs (as costal cartilage directly joins sternum)

Question 19

Which ribs are false ribs, why?

Answer 19

Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
8-10 their cartilage merges and joins the sternum as one
11&12 floating ribs, as do not join sternum.

Question 20

How many separate bones composes the skull?

Answer 20

22

Question 21

What 2 sections is the skull split into?

Answer 21

Neurocranim - houses the brain
Viscerocranium - face

Question 22

What is the feature of the temporal bone?

Answer 22

Mastoid process & styloid process muscles attach here

Question 23

What is the feature of the occipital bone?

Answer 23

Foramen magnum (large hole) for the spinal cord. Occipital condyles articulate with C1 (atlas) vertebra.

Question 24

What is the feature of the mandible?

Answer 24

The mental foramen in mandible is where nerve and blood vessels pass through.

Question 25

What are sutures?

Answer 25

Sutures - the multiple separate bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, allows a tight joint with little movement.

Question 26

What are the 3 main sutures of the skull?

Answer 26

Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture

Question 27

What are fontanelles?

Answer 27

These are bones not yet fused (no sutures) in babies/young children, bones are mobile.
Fontanelles - where bones meet ‘soft spot’