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MS 100 > Bones And Joints Of The Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Of The Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Radiohumeral articulating surfaces

A

Capitulum of the humerus, head of radius
AKA
Concave surface of radial head and capitulum of humerus

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2
Q

Ulnohumeral articulating surfaces

A

Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

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3
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral classification

A

Uniaxial, hinge, synovial joint

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4
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral movements permitted

A

Flexion/extension: Roughly sagittal plane, medial lateral axis.

ROM: ~140-150 degree flexion. 0-10 degree extension.

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5
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral ligaments

A

Capsule
Medial/ulnar collateral
Lateral/radial collateral

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6
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral capsule

A

Weak anteriorly and posteriorly

Encloses the radiohumeral, ulnohumeral, and proximal radioulnar joints

Flexion limited by soft tissue approximation between ulna and biceps brachii

Design works well: elbow extension is limited (by bony contact between olecranon process of ulna and olecranon fossa of humerus)

Strengthen medially and laterally by collateral ligaments

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7
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral medial/ulnar collateral ligament

A

Triangular shaped (anterior, posterior, oblique bands)

Attaches medial humeral epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon processes

Limit/restricts: valgus force

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8
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral lateral/radial collateral ligament

A

Fan shaped
Attaches lateral humeral epicondyle to annular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint
Limit/restricts: varus force

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9
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

1/5 head of radius and radial notch of ulna

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10
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint classification

A

Uniaxial, pivot, synovial joint

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11
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint movements permitted

A

Supination/pronation: No plane, mechanical axis of radius

ROM: ~90 degree supination, 60 degree pronation

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12
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Annular ligament
Oblique cord
Olecranon bursae
Anterior and posterior fat pads

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13
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint capsule

A

Continuous with capsule of radio- and ulno-humeral joints

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14
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint annular ligament

A

Encircles the radial head and ensures correct radial alignment with respect to the humerus and ulna
Forms 4/5 of the articulating surface
Limit/restricts: lateral and inferior motion of radius

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15
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint oblique cord

A

Orientation inferolateral from the anterior aspect of the ulna to anterior radius

Limits/restricts: supination and inferior radial displacement

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16
Q

What joint does this describe:
Distal trapezium with base of 1st metacarpal. Biaxial saddle synovial joint

A

1st CMC joint

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17
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint anterior and posterior fat pads of the elbow

A

Intracapsular fat between the synovial membrane and capsule
Offer some cushion and protection to the joint

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18
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

Interosseous boarders of radius and ulna

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19
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint classification

A

Fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrodial joint

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20
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint motion

A

Supination/pronation

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21
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint ligaments

A

Interosseous membrane

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22
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint interosseous membrane

A

Attaches superior lateral to inferior medial between border of radius and ulna
Limits/restricts: supination and pronation; fibre direction of the membrane help to transfer force from distal radius to ulna to humerus with FOOSH

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23
Q

Distal radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

Head of ulna
Ulnar notch of radius

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24
Q

Distal radioulnar joint classification

A

Uniaxial, pivot, synovial joint

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25
Distal radioulnar joint movements permitted
Supination/pronation
26
Distal radioulnar joint ligaments
Capsule Anterior (palmer/volar) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligament Trifolar/ triradiate cartilage/ disc
27
Distal radioulnar joint capsule
Encloses the joint, but is deficient superiorly The synovial membrane extends superiorly to accommodate twisting of capsule with radial motion in pronation
28
Distal radioulnar joint anterior (palmar/volar) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligament
Transverse orientation between distal radius and distal surface of ulna Limit/restrict: Anterior fibres limit supination, posterior fibres limit pronation
29
Distal radioulnar joint trifolar/triradiate cartilage/ disc
Attaches between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar styloid Separates the distal radial joint from the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint) Limits/restricts: cushions impact between carpals and radius and ulna
30
Radiocarpal joint articulating surfaces
Distal radius and trifolar cartilage (concave) Proximal row of carpals: Scaphoid, lunate (and triquetrum in extreme ulnar deviation) (convex)
31
Radiocarpal joint classification
Biaxial, condyloid, synovial joint
32
Radiocarpal joint movements permitted
Flexion/extension; sagittal plane, medial lateral axis (ROM: ~85 degree flexion, 75 degree extension) Radial-ulnar deviation; frontal plane, anterior posterior axis (ROM: ~ 20 degree radial deviation, 40 degree ulnar)
33
Radiocarpal joint ligaments
Capsule Anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament Posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament Ulnocarpal ligament (anterior and posterior) Medial/ulnar collateral Lateral/radial collateral
34
Radiocarpal joint capsule
Attaches distal radius and ulna to proximal carpals Loose Many folds Separate from capsule from the distal radioulnar joint
35
Radiocarpal joint anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament
Long and short radioulnate, radioscaphoid, and radiotriquetral bands Limit/restrict: wrist extension, causes hand to follow radius in supination Attaches distal radius to carpals anteriorly
36
Radiocarpal joint posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament
Attaches distal radius and radial styloid to triquetrum and lunate Limit/restrict: wrist flexion, causes the hand to follow radius in pronation
37
Radiocarpal joint anterior (palmar) ulnocarpal ligament
3 bands: ulnotriquetral, ulnocapitate and ulnoluntae Limits: extension and controls carpal motion
38
Radiocarpal joint medial/ulnar collateral
Attaches between ulnar styloid and triquetrum Limits/restricts: radial deviation, strengthen capsule
39
Radiocarpal joint lateral/radial collateral
Attaches between radial styloid, scaphoid, trapezium, and 1st metacarpal Limit/restrict: ulnar deviation, strengthens capsule
40
Intercarpal/midcarpal joint articulating surfaces
Proximal row of carpals: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum (concave) Distal row of carpals: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (convex)
41
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint classification
Nonaxial, plane, synovial joint
42
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint movements permitted
Gliding Intercarpal motion arguments that at the wrist Motion at the midcarpal joint occurs primarily with wrist flexion/extension and ulnar-radial deviation
43
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint ligaments
Capsule Anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament Posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament Media/ulnar collateral Lateral/radial collateral Interosseous ligaments
44
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint capsule
Helps to unite the carpals
45
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament
Long and short radioulnate, radioscphoid, and radiotriquetral bands Limits/restricts: wrist extension, causes the hand to follow radius in supination
46
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament
Attaches distal radius and radial styloid to triquetrum and lunate Limit/restrict: wrist flexion, causes the hand to follow radius in pronation
47
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint medial/ ulnar collateral
Proximal insertion at the ulnar styloid Attches between ulnar styloid and triquetrum Limits/ restricts: Radial deviation, strengthens capsule
48
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint lateral/ radial collateral
Proximal insertion at the radial styloid Attaches between radial styloid, scaphoid, trapezium, and 1st metacarpal Limits/restrict: ulnar deviation, strengthen capsule
49
Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint interosseous ligaments
Attached between adjacent carpal bones within the same row NOT between rows! Limit/restrict: joint distraction
50
1st Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint articulating surfaces
Base of 1st metacarpal Distal trapezium
51
1st CMC joint classification
Biaxial, saddle, synovial joint
52
1st CMC joint movements permitted
Flexion/ extension: frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis Abduction/ abduction: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis Opposition (combination, motion of abduction, flexion, and abduction)
53
1st CMC joint ligaments
Capsule Lateral collateral Anterior and posterior CMC ligaments Interosseous CMC ligaments
54
1st CMC joint capsule
Loose to allow free motion Separate from 2nd-5th CMC joints
55
1st CMC joint lateral collateral
Attaches lateral trapezium to radial side of base of 1st MC Limits/restrict: Adduction
56
1st CMC joint anterior and posterior CMC ligaments
Attach anterior and posterior surfaces of adjacent bones Limit/restrict: hyperflexion and extension
57
1st CMC joint interosseous CMC joint
Attached between adjacent bones Limit/restrict: joint distraction
58
2nd-5th CMC joint are articulating surfaces
Base of 2nd MC with trapezoid Base of 3rd MC with capitate Base of 4th MC with capitate and hamate Base of 5th MC with hamate
59
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint classification
2nd-4th CMC: nonaxial, plane synovial joint. Allows flexion/ extension 5th CMC: biaxial, saddle, synovial joint. Allows flexion/ extension and adduction/ abduction
60
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint movements permitted
Gliding with flexion/extension, and radial-ulnar deviation ROM available at the CMC joints increases towards the ulnar side with the 2nd and 3rd joints being a stable point around which others move
61
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint ligaments
Capsule Anterior and posterior CMC ligaments Interosseous CMC ligament
62
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint capsule
Continuous capsule between 2-5
63
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint anterior and posterior CMC ligaments
Attach anterior and posterior surfaces of adjacent bones Limits/restricts: hyperflexion and extension
64
2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint interosseous CMC ligament
Attached between adjacent bones Limit/restrict: joint distraction
65
Intermetacarpal joint articulating surfaces
Surfaces of adjacent basis of metacarpals 2-5
66
Intermetacarpal joint classification
Nonaxial, plane, synovial joint
67
Intermetacarpal joint movements permitted
Gliding with movement of the CMC joints
68
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint articulating surfaces
Head of metacarpal (convex) Base of proximal phalanx (concave)
69
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint classification
Biaxial, condyloid, synovial joint
70
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint movements permitted
Flexion/extension: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis Adduction/ abduction: frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis Reference point is the 3rd digit
71
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ligaments
Capsule Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals Volar fibrocartilangeous plate/ palmar ligament
72
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint capsule
Each joint has its own capsule
73
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint deep transverse metacarpal ligament
On the anterior surface of 2nd-5th MC’s Limits/restrict: separation of MC heads
74
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals
Fuse with the anterior capsule Holds volar plate on joint Limits/restrict: lateral stresses
75
Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint volar fibrocartilagenous plate/ palmar ligament
Thick, dense plate located anterior to the joint Blends with deep transverse MC ligament proximally Limits/restrict: hyperextension, prevents impingement of the flexor tendons in the joint, reinforces capsule
76
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint articulating surfaces
Head of proximal phalanx (convex) Base of distal phalanx (concave)
77
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint classification
Uniaxial, hinge, synovial joint
78
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint movements permitted
Flexion/extension: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis ROM increases ulnarly and the PIPs vs DIPs
79
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint ligaments
Capsule Lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals Volar fibrocartilagenous plate/ palmar ligament
80
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint capsule
Each IP joint has its own capsule
81
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint lateral/radial collateral ligaments
Limits varus strain
82
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint medial/ ulnar collateral ligaments
Limits valgus strain
83
Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint volar fibrocartilagenous plate
Limits extension Prevents impingement of flexor tendons
84
Radiocarpal joint posterior (dorsal) ulnocarpal ligament
Attaches distal ulna and trifolar cartilage to triquetrum and lunate posteriorly Limits: flexion and controls carpal motion

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