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MS 100 > Bones And Joints Of The Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Of The Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Radiohumeral articulating surfaces

A

Capitulum of the humerus, head of radius
AKA
Concave surface of radial head and capitulum of humerus

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2
Q

Ulnohumeral articulating surfaces

A

Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

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3
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral classification

A

Uniaxial, hinge, synovial joint

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4
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral movements permitted

A

Flexion/extension: Roughly sagittal plane, medial lateral axis.

ROM: ~140-150 degree flexion. 0-10 degree extension.

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5
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral ligaments

A

Capsule
Medial/ulnar collateral
Lateral/radial collateral

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6
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral capsule

A

Weak anteriorly and posteriorly

Encloses the radiohumeral, ulnohumeral, and proximal radioulnar joints

Flexion limited by soft tissue approximation between ulna and biceps brachii

Design works well: elbow extension is limited (by bony contact between olecranon process of ulna and olecranon fossa of humerus)

Strengthen medially and laterally by collateral ligaments

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7
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral medial/ulnar collateral ligament

A

Triangular shaped (anterior, posterior, oblique bands)

Attaches medial humeral epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon processes

Limit/restricts: valgus force

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8
Q

Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral lateral/radial collateral ligament

A

Fan shaped
Attaches lateral humeral epicondyle to annular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint
Limit/restricts: varus force

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9
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

1/5 head of radius and radial notch of ulna

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10
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint classification

A

Uniaxial, pivot, synovial joint

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11
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint movements permitted

A

Supination/pronation: No plane, mechanical axis of radius

ROM: ~90 degree supination, 60 degree pronation

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12
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Annular ligament
Oblique cord
Olecranon bursae
Anterior and posterior fat pads

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13
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint capsule

A

Continuous with capsule of radio- and ulno-humeral joints

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14
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint annular ligament

A

Encircles the radial head and ensures correct radial alignment with respect to the humerus and ulna
Forms 4/5 of the articulating surface
Limit/restricts: lateral and inferior motion of radius

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15
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint oblique cord

A

Orientation inferolateral from the anterior aspect of the ulna to anterior radius

Limits/restricts: supination and inferior radial displacement

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16
Q

What joint does this describe:
Distal trapezium with base of 1st metacarpal. Biaxial saddle synovial joint

A

1st CMC joint

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17
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint anterior and posterior fat pads of the elbow

A

Intracapsular fat between the synovial membrane and capsule
Offer some cushion and protection to the joint

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18
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

Interosseous boarders of radius and ulna

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19
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint classification

A

Fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrodial joint

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20
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint motion

A

Supination/pronation

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21
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint ligaments

A

Interosseous membrane

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22
Q

Middle/intermediate radioulnar joint interosseous membrane

A

Attaches superior lateral to inferior medial between border of radius and ulna
Limits/restricts: supination and pronation; fibre direction of the membrane help to transfer force from distal radius to ulna to humerus with FOOSH

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23
Q

Distal radioulnar joint articulating surfaces

A

Head of ulna
Ulnar notch of radius

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24
Q

Distal radioulnar joint classification

A

Uniaxial, pivot, synovial joint

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25
Q

Distal radioulnar joint movements permitted

A

Supination/pronation

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26
Q

Distal radioulnar joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Anterior (palmer/volar) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligament
Trifolar/ triradiate cartilage/ disc

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27
Q

Distal radioulnar joint capsule

A

Encloses the joint, but is deficient superiorly
The synovial membrane extends superiorly to accommodate twisting of capsule with radial motion in pronation

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28
Q

Distal radioulnar joint anterior (palmar/volar) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligament

A

Transverse orientation between distal radius and distal surface of ulna
Limit/restrict: Anterior fibres limit supination, posterior fibres limit pronation

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29
Q

Distal radioulnar joint trifolar/triradiate cartilage/ disc

A

Attaches between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar styloid
Separates the distal radial joint from the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
Limits/restricts: cushions impact between carpals and radius and ulna

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30
Q

Radiocarpal joint articulating surfaces

A

Distal radius and trifolar cartilage (concave)
Proximal row of carpals: Scaphoid, lunate (and triquetrum in extreme ulnar deviation) (convex)

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31
Q

Radiocarpal joint classification

A

Biaxial, condyloid, synovial joint

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32
Q

Radiocarpal joint movements permitted

A

Flexion/extension; sagittal plane, medial lateral axis (ROM: ~85 degree flexion, 75 degree extension)

Radial-ulnar deviation; frontal plane, anterior posterior axis (ROM: ~ 20 degree radial deviation, 40 degree ulnar)

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33
Q

Radiocarpal joint ligaments

A

Capsule

Anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament

Posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament

Ulnocarpal ligament (anterior and posterior)

Medial/ulnar collateral

Lateral/radial collateral

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34
Q

Radiocarpal joint capsule

A

Attaches distal radius and ulna to proximal carpals

Loose

Many folds

Separate from capsule from the distal radioulnar joint

35
Q

Radiocarpal joint anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament

A

Long and short radioulnate, radioscaphoid, and radiotriquetral bands

Limit/restrict: wrist extension, causes hand to follow radius in supination

Attaches distal radius to carpals anteriorly

36
Q

Radiocarpal joint posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament

A

Attaches distal radius and radial styloid to triquetrum and lunate
Limit/restrict: wrist flexion, causes the hand to follow radius in pronation

37
Q

Radiocarpal joint anterior (palmar) ulnocarpal ligament

A

3 bands: ulnotriquetral, ulnocapitate and ulnoluntae
Limits: extension and controls carpal motion

38
Q

Radiocarpal joint medial/ulnar collateral

A

Attaches between ulnar styloid and triquetrum
Limits/restricts: radial deviation, strengthen capsule

39
Q

Radiocarpal joint lateral/radial collateral

A

Attaches between radial styloid, scaphoid, trapezium, and 1st metacarpal
Limit/restrict: ulnar deviation, strengthens capsule

40
Q

Intercarpal/midcarpal joint articulating surfaces

A

Proximal row of carpals: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum (concave)
Distal row of carpals: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (convex)

41
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint classification

A

Nonaxial, plane, synovial joint

42
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint movements permitted

A

Gliding

Intercarpal motion arguments that at the wrist

Motion at the midcarpal joint occurs primarily with wrist flexion/extension and ulnar-radial deviation

43
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament
Posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament
Media/ulnar collateral
Lateral/radial collateral
Interosseous ligaments

44
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint capsule

A

Helps to unite the carpals

45
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint anterior (palmar) radiocarpal ligament

A

Long and short radioulnate, radioscphoid, and radiotriquetral bands
Limits/restricts: wrist extension, causes the hand to follow radius in supination

46
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint posterior (dorsal) radiocarpal ligament

A

Attaches distal radius and radial styloid to triquetrum and lunate
Limit/restrict: wrist flexion, causes the hand to follow radius in pronation

47
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint medial/ ulnar collateral

A

Proximal insertion at the ulnar styloid
Attches between ulnar styloid and triquetrum
Limits/ restricts: Radial deviation, strengthens capsule

48
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint lateral/ radial collateral

A

Proximal insertion at the radial styloid
Attaches between radial styloid, scaphoid, trapezium, and 1st metacarpal
Limits/restrict: ulnar deviation, strengthen capsule

49
Q

Intercarpal/ midcarpal joint interosseous ligaments

A

Attached between adjacent carpal bones within the same row
NOT between rows!
Limit/restrict: joint distraction

50
Q

1st Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint articulating surfaces

A

Base of 1st metacarpal
Distal trapezium

51
Q

1st CMC joint classification

A

Biaxial, saddle, synovial joint

52
Q

1st CMC joint movements permitted

A

Flexion/ extension: frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis

Abduction/ abduction: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis

Opposition (combination, motion of abduction, flexion, and abduction)

53
Q

1st CMC joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Lateral collateral
Anterior and posterior CMC ligaments
Interosseous CMC ligaments

54
Q

1st CMC joint capsule

A

Loose to allow free motion
Separate from 2nd-5th CMC joints

55
Q

1st CMC joint lateral collateral

A

Attaches lateral trapezium to radial side of base of 1st MC
Limits/restrict: Adduction

56
Q

1st CMC joint anterior and posterior CMC ligaments

A

Attach anterior and posterior surfaces of adjacent bones
Limit/restrict: hyperflexion and extension

57
Q

1st CMC joint interosseous CMC joint

A

Attached between adjacent bones
Limit/restrict: joint distraction

58
Q

2nd-5th CMC joint are articulating surfaces

A

Base of 2nd MC with trapezoid
Base of 3rd MC with capitate
Base of 4th MC with capitate and hamate
Base of 5th MC with hamate

59
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint classification

A

2nd-4th CMC: nonaxial, plane synovial joint. Allows flexion/ extension

5th CMC: biaxial, saddle, synovial joint. Allows flexion/ extension and adduction/ abduction

60
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint movements permitted

A

Gliding with flexion/extension, and radial-ulnar deviation

ROM available at the CMC joints increases towards the ulnar side with the 2nd and 3rd joints being a stable point around which others move

61
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint ligaments

A

Capsule
Anterior and posterior CMC ligaments
Interosseous CMC ligament

62
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint capsule

A

Continuous capsule between 2-5

63
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint anterior and posterior CMC ligaments

A

Attach anterior and posterior surfaces of adjacent bones
Limits/restricts: hyperflexion and extension

64
Q

2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint interosseous CMC ligament

A

Attached between adjacent bones
Limit/restrict: joint distraction

65
Q

Intermetacarpal joint articulating surfaces

A

Surfaces of adjacent basis of metacarpals 2-5

66
Q

Intermetacarpal joint classification

A

Nonaxial, plane, synovial joint

67
Q

Intermetacarpal joint movements permitted

A

Gliding with movement of the CMC joints

68
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint articulating surfaces

A

Head of metacarpal (convex)
Base of proximal phalanx (concave)

69
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint classification

A

Biaxial, condyloid, synovial joint

70
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint movements permitted

A

Flexion/extension: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis

Adduction/ abduction: frontal plane, anterior-posterior axis

Reference point is the 3rd digit

71
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ligaments

A

Capsule

Deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals

Volar fibrocartilangeous plate/ palmar ligament

72
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint capsule

A

Each joint has its own capsule

73
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint deep transverse metacarpal ligament

A

On the anterior surface of 2nd-5th MC’s
Limits/restrict: separation of MC heads

74
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals

A

Fuse with the anterior capsule
Holds volar plate on joint
Limits/restrict: lateral stresses

75
Q

Mettacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint volar fibrocartilagenous plate/ palmar ligament

A

Thick, dense plate located anterior to the joint

Blends with deep transverse MC ligament proximally

Limits/restrict: hyperextension, prevents impingement of the flexor tendons in the joint, reinforces capsule

76
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint articulating surfaces

A

Head of proximal phalanx (convex)
Base of distal phalanx (concave)

77
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint classification

A

Uniaxial, hinge, synovial joint

78
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint movements permitted

A

Flexion/extension: sagittal plane, medial-lateral axis
ROM increases ulnarly and the PIPs vs DIPs

79
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint ligaments

A

Capsule

Lateral/radial and medial/ulnar collaterals

Volar fibrocartilagenous plate/ palmar ligament

80
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint capsule

A

Each IP joint has its own capsule

81
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint lateral/radial collateral ligaments

A

Limits varus strain

82
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint medial/ ulnar collateral ligaments

A

Limits valgus strain

83
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) joint volar fibrocartilagenous plate

A

Limits extension
Prevents impingement of flexor tendons

84
Q

Radiocarpal joint posterior (dorsal) ulnocarpal ligament

A

Attaches distal ulna and trifolar cartilage to triquetrum and lunate posteriorly
Limits: flexion and controls carpal motion

MS 100 (5 decks)

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