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Physiology > Bones and Anatomy > Flashcards

Bones and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of..

  • notched spinous processes.
  • facets for the articulation of ribs.
  • transverse foramina.
  • transverse processes.
  • costal cartilages.
A

facets for the articulation of ribs.

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2
Q

While visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her infant’s soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the “soft spot” located at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is..

  • anterior fontanel.
  • cushion spot.
  • occipital fontanel.
  • mastoid fontanel.
  • sphenoidal fontanel.
A

anterior fontanel.

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3
Q

Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle?

  • clavicles and scapulae
  • clavicles, scapulae, and humerus
  • clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, and carpal bones
  • clavicles, scapulae, humerus, radius, and ulna
  • clavicles only
A
  • clavicles and scapulae
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4
Q

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the..

  • angle.
  • body.
  • tuberculum.
  • manubrium.
  • xiphoid process.
A
  • manubrium.
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5
Q

The bones that form the fingers are the..

  • tarsals.
  • metacarpals.
  • phalanges.
  • carpals.
  • metatarsals
A
  • phalanges.
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6
Q

In the anatomical position, the ulna is located ________ to the radius.

  • distal
  • medial
  • superior
  • proximal
  • none of these
A
  • medial
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7
Q

Humans normally have ________ pairs of ribs.

  • 24
  • 2
  • 6
  • 12
  • 10
A
  • 12
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8
Q

The sternum contains..

  • the jugular notch.
  • the body.
  • the manubrium.
  • the xiphoid process.
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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9
Q

What structure allows a bone to grow in length?

  • lacunae
  • epiphyseal plate
  • periosteal bud
  • trabeculae
  • metaphysis
A
  • epiphyseal plate
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10
Q

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except..

  • anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
  • supporting epithelia.
  • transporting substances between cells.
  • storing triacylglycerols.
  • filling spaces between organs.
A
  • transporting substances between cells.
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11
Q

Cells that store fat are called..

  • macrocytes.
  • adipocytes.
  • podocytes.
  • cellulocytes.
  • melanocytes.
A
  • adipocytes.
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12
Q

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.

  • elastic
  • ligamentous
  • osseous
  • hyaline
  • fibrous
A
  • hyaline
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13
Q

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)

  • membranous model.
  • osteoblasts model.
  • cartilage model.
  • fibrous connective-tissue model.
  • calcified model.
A
  • cartilage model.
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14
Q

________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

  • Osteoblast
  • Osteoclast
  • Osteoprogenitor
  • Osteoid
  • Osteocyte
A
  • Osteoprogenitor
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15
Q

The lacunae of osseous tissue contain..

  • osteocytes.
  • capillaries.
  • blood cells.
  • bone marrow.
  • chondroblasts.
A
  • osteocytes.
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16
Q

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is…

  • elastin.
  • connectin.
  • collagen.
  • actin.
  • myosin.
A
  • collagen.
17
Q

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

  • lymphocyte
  • fibroblasts
  • mast cell
  • adipocytes
  • macrophage
A
  • fibroblasts
18
Q 
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to..
blood.
- bone.
- neural tissue.
- epithelium.
- fat.
A
  • bone
19
Q

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed..

  • lordosis.
  • kyphosis.
  • scoliosis.
  • mentosis.
  • gomphosis.
A

scoliosis.

20
Q

The widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region.

  • thoracic
  • cervical
  • coccygeal
  • sacral
  • lumbar
A

lumbar

21
Q

The ribs articulate with the..

  • lumbar vertebrae.
  • thoracic vertebrae.
  • cervical vertebrae.
  • all of the above
A
  • thoracic vertebrae.
22
Q

While volunteering in an outpatient clinic for underprivileged families in your neighborhood, you observe the nurse assessing an infant. The mother had complained about the baby not eating and having several episodes of diarrhea lasting 3 days. You know the nurse suspects possible dehydration when she..

  • points out the dryness of the infant’s diaper.
  • checks the infant’s reflexes.
  • checks the anterior fontanel for depression.
  • questions the mother about normal feeding habits.
  • none of the above
A
  • checks the anterior fontanel for depression.
23
Q

Which of these types of vertebrae and their numbers is not correct?

  • thoracic12
  • coccygeal3 to 5
  • sacral1
  • cervical7
  • lumbral5
A
  • sacral1
24
Q

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the ________.

  • diaphysis
  • medullary cavity
  • osseophysis
  • epiphysis
  • metaphysis
A
  • metaphysis
25
Q

The central canal of an osteon contains..

  • osteocytes.
  • concentric lamellae.
  • blood vessels.
  • lacunae.
  • bone marrow.
A
  • blood vessels.
26
Q

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except..

  • tendons.
  • ligaments.
  • aponeuroses.
  • elastic tissue.
  • areolar tissue.
A
  • areolar tissue.
27
Q

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called…

  • foramina.
  • central canals.
  • canaliculi.
  • lacunae.
  • medullary cavities.
A
  • canaliculi.
28
Q

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are..

  • dense irregular connective tissues.
  • areolar tissue.
  • tendons.
  • reticular tissues.
  • ligaments.
A
  • dense irregular connective tissues.
29
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • calcium homeostasis
  • protection of internal organs
  • blood cell production
  • body support
30
Q

Through the action of osteoclasts,

  • osteoid is calcified.
  • new bone is formed.
  • bony matrix is dissolved.
  • an organic framework is formed.
  • fractured bones regenerate.
A
  • bony matrix is dissolved.
31
Q

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called..

  • foramina.
  • central canals.
  • canaliculi.
  • lacunae.
  • medullary cavities.
A
  • canaliculi.
32
Q

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

  • lymphocyte
  • fibroblasts
  • mast cell
  • adipocytes
  • macrophage
A
  • fibroblasts
33
Q

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called..

  • osteons.
  • trabeculae.
  • interstitial lamellae.
  • concentric lamellae.
A
  • trabeculae.

Physiology (6 decks)

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