Bone Tumours Flashcards
What is the most common bone tumour?
Bone metastasis
Which tumours commonly metastasise to bone?
Renal Thyroid Lung Prostate Breast
What are the features of bone tumours?
Pain
- not associated with movement
- worse at night
What are common benign bone tumours?
Osteoid osteoma Aneurysmal bone cyst Chrondroblastma Osteochondroma Chrondroma Giant cell tumour
What cell type does an osteoid osteoma arise from?
Osteoblast
What are risk factors for osteoid osteomas?
Male
10-20 yrs
What part of the bone do osteoid osteomas affect?
Diaphysis of long bones
Spine
What are the features of osteoid osteomas?
Localised pain
- worse at night
- relieved by NSAIDs
What is seen on an x-ray with osteoid osteomas?
Sclerosis with lucent nidus
What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?
Blood filled cyst growing in bone
‘Blown out appearance’- x-ray
What age do aneurysmal bone cysts affect?
Birth - 20 years
How are aneurysmal bone cysts managed?
Embolisation
Radiotherapy
What are chondroblastomas?
Rare benign cartilaginous tumours that arise in the epiphyseal region
What age do chondroblastomas affect?
<25 years
How are chondroblastomas managed?
Curettage + bone graft
What are osteochondromas?
Outgrowth from metaphysis of long bones covered with a cartilaginous cap
What are risk factors for osteochondromas?
Male
10-20 years
What is seen on an x-ray with an osteochondroma?
Pedunculated bony outgrowth
What cells do chondromas arise from?
Chondroblasts
What bones do chondroblasts typically affect?
Long bones
- hands
- femur
- humerus
What is seen on an x-ray with an chondroma?
Well circumscribe oval lucency with intact cortex
What are giant cell tumours also known as?
Osteoclastomas
What cells do giant cell tumours arise from?
Multinucleated giant cells
Stromal cells
What part of the bone do giant cell tumours affect?
Epiphysis
What is seen on x-rays with giant cell tumours?
Eccentric lytic area = ‘soap bubble’ appearance
How are giant cell tumours managed?
Surgical resection
What are common malignant bone tumours?
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
What is an osteosarcoma?
Most common malignant primary bone tumour
What part of the bone do osteosarcomas affect?
Metaphysis of long bones
What is seen on an x-ray with an osteosarcoma?
Lytic sclerosis
Codman’s triangle
Sunray spiracles
How are osteosarcomas managed?
Chemotherapy
En-bloc resection
Amputation
What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
Paediatric malignancy arising from poorly differentiated neuroectodermal cells
What part of the bone does Ewing’s sarcoma affect?
Diaphysis
What is seen on an x-ray with Ewing’s sarcoma?
Onion skin appearance
How is Ewing’s sarcoma managed?
Chemotherapy
En-bloc resection
Amputation
What is chondrosarcoma?
Malignant tumour of the cartilage
What is seen on an x-ray with chondrosarcoma?
Popcorn sign
How is chondrosarcoma managed?
Surgical resection
