Bone Tumours

Question 1

What is the most common bone tumour?

Answer 1

Bone metastasis

Question 2

Which tumours commonly metastasise to bone?

Answer 2

Renal 
Thyroid 
Lung 
Prostate
Breast

Question 3

What are the features of bone tumours?

Answer 3

Pain

• not associated with movement
• worse at night

Question 4

What are common benign bone tumours?

Answer 4

Osteoid osteoma 
Aneurysmal bone cyst 
Chrondroblastma 
Osteochondroma
Chrondroma 
Giant cell tumour

Question 5

What cell type does an osteoid osteoma arise from?

Answer 5

Osteoblast

Question 6

What are risk factors for osteoid osteomas?

Answer 6

Male

10-20 yrs

Question 7

What part of the bone do osteoid osteomas affect?

Answer 7

Diaphysis of long bones

Spine

Question 8

What are the features of osteoid osteomas?

Answer 8

Localised pain

• worse at night
• relieved by NSAIDs

Question 9

What is seen on an x-ray with osteoid osteomas?

Answer 9

Sclerosis with lucent nidus

Question 10

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?

Answer 10

Blood filled cyst growing in bone

‘Blown out appearance’- x-ray

Question 11

What age do aneurysmal bone cysts affect?

Answer 11

Birth - 20 years

Question 12

How are aneurysmal bone cysts managed?

Answer 12

Embolisation

Radiotherapy

Question 13

What are chondroblastomas?

Answer 13

Rare benign cartilaginous tumours that arise in the epiphyseal region

Question 14

What age do chondroblastomas affect?

Answer 14

<25 years

Question 15

How are chondroblastomas managed?

Answer 15

Curettage + bone graft

Question 16

What are osteochondromas?

Answer 16

Outgrowth from metaphysis of long bones covered with a cartilaginous cap

Question 17

What are risk factors for osteochondromas?

Answer 17

Male

10-20 years

Question 18

What is seen on an x-ray with an osteochondroma?

Answer 18

Pedunculated bony outgrowth

Question 19

What cells do chondromas arise from?

Answer 19

Chondroblasts

Question 20

What bones do chondroblasts typically affect?

Answer 20

Long bones

• hands
• femur
• humerus

Question 21

What is seen on an x-ray with an chondroma?

Answer 21

Well circumscribe oval lucency with intact cortex

Question 22

What are giant cell tumours also known as?

Answer 22

Osteoclastomas

Question 23

What cells do giant cell tumours arise from?

Answer 23

Multinucleated giant cells

Stromal cells

Question 24

What part of the bone do giant cell tumours affect?

Answer 24

Epiphysis

Question 25

What is seen on x-rays with giant cell tumours?

Answer 25

Eccentric lytic area = ‘soap bubble’ appearance

Question 26

How are giant cell tumours managed?

Answer 26

Surgical resection

Question 27

What are common malignant bone tumours?

Answer 27

Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma

Question 28

What is an osteosarcoma?

Answer 28

Most common malignant primary bone tumour

Question 29

What part of the bone do osteosarcomas affect?

Answer 29

Metaphysis of long bones

Question 30

What is seen on an x-ray with an osteosarcoma?

Answer 30

Lytic sclerosis
Codman’s triangle
Sunray spiracles

Question 31

How are osteosarcomas managed?

Answer 31

Chemotherapy
En-bloc resection
Amputation

Question 32

What is Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 32

Paediatric malignancy arising from poorly differentiated neuroectodermal cells

Question 33

What part of the bone does Ewing’s sarcoma affect?

Answer 33

Diaphysis

Question 34

What is seen on an x-ray with Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 34

Onion skin appearance

Question 35

How is Ewing’s sarcoma managed?

Answer 35

Chemotherapy
En-bloc resection
Amputation

Question 36

What is chondrosarcoma?

Answer 36

Malignant tumour of the cartilage

Question 37

What is seen on an x-ray with chondrosarcoma?

Answer 37

Popcorn sign

Question 38

How is chondrosarcoma managed?

Answer 38

Surgical resection