Bone Tumours

Question 1

name the benign bone tumours

Answer 1

• osteoma
• osteochondroma (exotosis)
• giant cell tumour

Question 2

where does osteoma typically occur?

Answer 2

skull

Question 3

what is osteoma?

Answer 3

benign ‘overgrowth’ of bone

Question 4

what is osteoma associated with?

Answer 4

gardner’s syndrome
(a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis)

Question 5

what is the most common benign bone tumour?

Answer 5

osteochondroma

Question 6

who is typically diagnosed with osteochondroma?

Answer 6

male <20 years old

Question 7

what is osteochondroma?

Answer 7

cartilage-capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone

Question 8

what is giant cell tumour?

Answer 8

tumour of multinucleated giant cells within a fibrous stroma

Question 9

what is the peak incidence of giant cell tumour?

Answer 9

20-40 years

Question 10

where does giant cell tumour most commonly occur?

Answer 10

epiphyses of lone bones

Question 11

what appears on x-ray in giant cell tumour?

Answer 11

‘double bubble’ or ‘soap bubble’

Question 12

name the malignant bone tumours

Answer 12

• osteosarcoma
• ewing’s sarcoma
• chondrosarcoma

Question 13

what is the most common primary malignant bone tumour?

Answer 13

osteosarcoma

Question 14

what age are you most likely to develop osteosarcoma?

Answer 14

children and adolescents

Question 15

where does osteosarcoma typically present?

Answer 15

metaphyseal region of lone bones prior to epiphyseal closure
* femur (40%)
* tibia (20%)
* humerus (10%)

Question 16

what does x-ray show in osteosarcoma?

Answer 16

• codman triangle (from periosteal elevation)
• ‘sunburst’ pattern

Question 17

what are the risk factors for osteosarcoma?

Answer 17

• mutation in Rb gene (association with retinoblastoma)
• paget’s disease
• radiotherapy

Question 18

what is ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 18

small round blue cell tumour

Question 19

what age are you most likely to develop ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 19

children and adolescents

Question 20

where does ewing’s sarcoma most commonly develop?

Answer 20

pelvis and long bones

Question 21

how does ewing’s sarcoma present?

Answer 21

severe pain

Question 22

what does x-ray show in ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 22

‘onion skin’ appearance

Question 23

what genetic abnormality is ewing’s sarcoma associated with?

Answer 23

translaction (11;22)

results in an EWS-FLI1 gene product

Question 24

what is chondrosarcoma?

Answer 24

malignant tumour of cartilage

Question 25

where does chondrosarcoma most commonly develop?

Answer 25

axial skeleton

Question 26

what age are you most likely to develop chondrosarcoma?

Answer 26

middle-age