Bone StrucFunc Flashcards
What type of bone is lattice-like and organized along lines of stress?
Spongy (trabecular/cancellous) bone
Spongy bone provides strength and resists stress and forces without breaking.
What are the four types of bone cells?
- Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Each type of bone cell has a distinct role in bone structure and function.
What is the primary function of bones?
- Structural function
- Mobility
- Support
- Protection for the body
- Storehouse for essential minerals
These functions are critical for overall body health and function.
What is the composition of bone matrix?
25% water, 25% collagen, 50% crystallized mineral salts (Calcium hydroxyapatite)
This composition gives bone its unique properties of hardness and lightness.
What are the two types of osseous tissue?
- Compact (cortical) bone
- Spongy (trabecular/cancellous) bone
Compact bone makes up 80% of total bone mass, while spongy bone accounts for 20%.
True or False: Compact bone is less flexible than spongy bone.
True
Compact bone is denser and provides structural support.
What is osteopenia and at what age does it typically start?
Demineralisation of bone starting at age 40, reducing by 1% per year
Osteopenia is particularly worse in women aged 40-45.
Fill in the blank: Bones are continually _______ through childhood and adolescence.
remodelling
This process includes the removal and replacement of bone at the same site.
What lifestyle factor is important for developing and healing bone?
Weight bearing activity
Lack of activity can result in loss of bone density.
What are the consequences of low bone density?
- Osteoporosis
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Paget’s disease of the bone
- Bone cancer
- Bone infections
These conditions can significantly impact bone health and function.
What factors affect bone remodelling?
- Age
- Mechanical stress
- Genetics
- Environmental factors
- Calcium & phosphate levels
- Hormones
Understanding these factors is crucial for maintaining healthy bones.
What is an osteocyte?
Mature bone cell
Osteocytes are essential for maintaining bone tissue.
What is the role of osteoblasts?
Build matrix and collagen fibers but cannot divide
Osteoblasts are crucial for bone formation.
What is the structure of an osteon?
Concentric rings (lamellae) of calcified matrix surrounding vertically oriented blood vessels
Osteons are the basic structural units of compact bone.
What happens to bones as a person ages?
Demineralisation occurs, leading to conditions like osteopenia and osteoporosis
Age-related bone loss is a significant health concern, especially for postmenopausal women.
