Bone And Fracture Healings

Question 1

What are the primary types of fractures based on severity?

Answer 1

• Open/compound+* Closed/simple
• Impacted+Displaced
• Comminuted+ Compressed

Question 2

What are the main classifications of fractures based on shape? (5)

Answer 2

• Spiral
• Oblique
• Transverse
• Greenstick
• Depressed

Question 3

Put the following steps of fracture healing in the correct order:

*Bony callus formation
*Bone remodelling
*Hematoma formation
*Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Answer 3

*hematoma formation
*fibrocartilaginous callus formation
*bony callus formation
*bone remodelling

Question 4

What occurs during the inflammation phase of fracture healing?

Answer 4

Inflammation brings in phagocytic cells and new capillaries grow into the damaged area.

Question 5

What is fibrocartilagenous callus formation?

Answer 5

Fibroblasts invade the procallus and lay down collagen, while chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage.

Question 6

What factors can affect the rate of healing of fractures?

Answer 6

• Type of fracture
• Site of fracture
• Vascular supply
• Age of patient
• Movement at fracture site
• Separation of bone ends
• Infection
• Bone pathology

Question 7

What are some complications associated with fractures?

Answer 7

• Delayed union
• Malunion
• Avascular necrosis
• Sudeck’s atrophy
• Compartment syndrome
• Volkmann’s ischaemia
• Myositis Ossificans

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Fractures are named according to their _______.

Answer 8

[severity, shape, position, physician’s name]

Question 9

What is the process called when osteoblasts secrete spongy bone during fracture healing?

Answer 9

Formation of bony callus

This process lasts 3-4 months.

Question 10

What changes occur in bone mass with aging?

Answer 10

After mid-30s, individuals begin to slowly lose bone mass, with women losing it faster after menopause.

Question 11

What are some disorders linked to aging?

Answer 11

• Osteopenia
• Osteoporosis

Question 12

What is the duration for healing a spiral fracture in the upper limb?

Answer 12

3 weeks for union and 6 weeks for consolidation.

Question 13

What is the treatment method for simple fractures with minimum soft tissue damage?

Answer 13

Closed reduction and immobilisation using a sling, cast, or splint.

Question 14

True or False: Open fractures are simple fractures that do not require high levels of immobilisation.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What does ORIF stand for in fracture treatment?

Answer 15

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Question 16

What are the clinical features of a fracture?

Answer 16

• Pain & tenderness
• Swelling & bruising
• Deformity & angulation
• Impaired function
• Shock

Question 17

What is the role of bone remodelling in fracture healing?

Answer 17

Compact bone replaces spongy bone in the bony callus, and the surface is remodeled back to normal shape.

Question 18

What are some nutritional problems that can affect bone health?

Answer 18

• Rickets (vitamin D)
• Osteomalacia
• Scurvy (vitamin C)

Question 19

What are the names of two common fractures associated with the wrist?

Answer 19

• Colles’ fracture
• Pott’s fracture

Question 20

What is the average healing time for a transverse fracture in the lower limb?

Answer 20

12 weeks for union and 24 weeks for consolidation.

Question 21

What are the steps involved in the management of fractures?

Answer 21

• Reduction
• Immobilisation
• Rehabilitation

Question 22

What are some disorders of development related to bone?

Answer 22

• Agenesis
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Spina Bifida
• Achondroplasia