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Pathology 1 (Black Semester) > Bone Pathology Part 1 > Flashcards

Bone Pathology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is bone marrow is located at?

A

Medullary Cavity

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2
Q

Periosteum -> ______ bone

Endostetum -> ______ bone

A

Periosteum -> outside the bone

Endostetum -> inside the bone

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3
Q

Term referred as composed of extracellular matrix containing
primarily glycoproteins and collagen fibers

A

Osteoid

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4
Q

Osteoid undergoes mineralization, by deposition of ______, to form bone

A

Calcium hydroapatite (CHAP) crystals

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5
Q

Bone matrix contain growth factors that help in what 3 bone settings?

A

1) Bone development
2) Bone modeling
3) Bone remodeling

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6
Q

What 4 types of cellular elements in bone?

A

1) Osteoblasts
2) Osteocytes
3) Lining cells (inactive osteoblasts)
4) Osteoclasts

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7
Q

What are 2 types of bone based on maturity and their pattern?

A

1) Woven bone -> Immature bone
* -Collagen fibers in woven bone are in crisscross (woven) pattern microscopically.
2) Lamellar bone -> Mature bone.
* -Collagen fibers are in a parallel pattern.

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8
Q

What are 2 types of bone growth and where does it occur?

A

1) Intramembranous ossification

  • Occurs within “membranes” of primitive mesenchymal tissue
  • Flat bones of the skull

2) Endochondral ossification

  • Occurs in majority of bones of theskeleton.
  • Bone develops from hyaline cartilage and replaced by osseous tissue in the ossification centers
  • Limbs, vertebral column, pelvis, base of skull
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9
Q

Term referred to membranous appositional growth is normal but interstitial growth of cartilage is abnormal leading to premature closure of growth plates, which decreases length of long bones

A

Chondrodysplasia

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10
Q

Chondrodysplasia is seen in what animals?

A
  • Beef breeds: Angus, Hereford
  • Dexter bulldog (congenital lethal chondrodysplasia)
  • Chondrodystrophic dog breeds (localized chondrodysplasias)
    • Dachshund, pug, basset hound, bulldogs, boxers
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11
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Congenital Lethal Chondrodysplasia (Dexter Bulldog)

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12
Q

Localized skeletal dysplasia or degenerative joint disease affecting axial skeleton is called what Growth and Developmental Abnormality?

A

Cervico-vertebral stenotic myelopathy (Wobbler’s Syndrome):

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13
Q

The syndrome results in ____ or _____ compression of the cervical spinal cord (SC) by abnormal cervical vertebrae.

A

Dynamic or Static

Dynamic -> Neck is flexed

Static -> Doesn’t matter position of the neck

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14
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Cervico-vertebral stenotic myelopathy (Wobbler’s Syndrome):

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15
Q

What is Osteopetrosis?

A
  • Inherited disease caused by osteoclast failure to reabsorb the primary spongiosa
  • This failure results in an increased bone density and lack of medullary (bone marrow) spaces.
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16
Q

What is this Growth and Developmental
Abnormality called?

A

Osteopetrosis

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17
Q

Osteopetrosis often results to? (2 things)

A

1) Osteosclerosis (increased bone density)
2) Aplastic anemia

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18
Q

What is Congenital cortical hyperostosis of pigs?

A

Limbs (primarily forelimbs) look swollen from excessive deposition of radiating trabeculae on periostal surface and blocking local lymphatic circulation

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19
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term for Absence of distal half of a limb

A

Hemimelia

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20
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term used for Supernumerary digits

A

Polydactylia

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21
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term used for absence of proximal portion(s) of a limb(s)

A

Phocomelia

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22
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term used for absence of a limb(s)

A

Amelia

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23
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term used for fusion of digits

A

Syndactylia

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24
Q

Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia

Term used for abnormally small/short limb(s)

A

Micromelia

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25
Wordbank: Polymelia, Amelia, Phocomelia, Hemimelia, Micromelia, Polydactylia, Syndactylia Term used for supernumerary limbs
Polymelia
26
Wordbank: Kyphoscoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis Term used for lateral deviation of vertebral column
Scoliosis
27
Wordbank: Kyphoscoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis Term used for dorsal deviation of vertebral column
Kyphosis
28
Wordbank: Kyphoscoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis Term used for ventral deviation of vertebral column
Lordosis
29
Wordbank: Kyphoscoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis Term used for dorso-lateral deviation of vertebral column
Kyphoscoliosis
30
Angular Limb Deformities: Which is which?
31
What are Metabolic Bone Diseases also known as?
Osteodystrophies
32
What are 4 etiologies for Metabolic Bone Diseases?
1) Nutritional 2) Hormonal 3) Disuse 4) Toxic
33
What are the 5 main types of Metabolic Bone Diseases?
1) Osteoporosis 2) Rickets 3) Osteomalacia 4) Fibrous Osteodystrophy 5) Toxic Osteodystrophy
34
What is Osteoporosis charactericterized by?
Osteopenia (decrease in amount of bone tissue)
35
What are 3 etiologies of Osteoporosis?
1) Nutritional 2) Aging 3) Disuse
36
What is the diagnosis?
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
37
Rickets affects young growing animals True or False?
True
38
What is the pathogenesis of Rickets?
Defective calcification of osteoid and defective endochondral ossification
39
What is the etiology of Rickets?
Multifactorial but involves vitamin D or P deficiency
40
What are gross descriptions of Rickets?
* Thickening of growth plates with uncalcified cartilage extending into the metaphysis * Enlarged ends of long bones and enlargement of costochondral junctions (rachitic rosary) * Weight-bearing long bones may become bowed
41
Rickets was the first "air pollution disease" True or False?
True (Sunlight is the best prevention and treatment of Rickets)
42
What is the diagnosis?
Rickets
43
Osteomalacia affects young growing animals True or False?
False Affects grown adult animals (closed growth plates)
44
What is Fibrous Osteodystrophy charactericterized by?
Extensive bone resorption and replacement by fibrous CT and poorly mineralized immature bone
45
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of Fibrous Osteodystrophy True or False?
True
46
Primary Hyperparathyroidism has 2 underlying causes: Nutritional & Renal True or False?
False Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Nutritional -\> seen in horses Renal -\> seen in dogs
47
What is the diagnosis?
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Nutritional) "Bran disease", "Big head"
48
What is the diagnosis?
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Renal) "Rubber jaw"
49
What are 3 types of Toxic Osteodystrophies?
1) Lead poisoning 2) Fluoride poisoning 3) Hypervitaminosis A
50
\_\_\_\_\_ and _____ are marked sensitive to excess fluoride leading to soft dark-brown discolored teeth that easily wear down
Ameloblasts and odontoblasts
51
What is the diagnosis?
Toxic Osteodystrophy by lead poisoning ("lead-line")
52
Cats that consume high contents of bovine livers (high vitamin A content) for a long period of time will lead to what?
Deforming cervical spondylosis
53
What are 2 terms used for bone reaction to injury leading to necrosis?
1) Osteonecrosis 2) Osteosis
54
Term used for piece of necrotic bone isolated from remaining viable bone
Sequestrum
55
Term used for walling off sequestrum results in forming a layer of granulation tissue and reactive bone
Involucrum
56
Term used for bone shattered into tiny pieces
Comminuted
57
Term used for fracture of trabeculae without external deformation of cortical bone
Microfracture/Infarction
58
Term used for pull of ligament/muscle tendon at its insertion into bone
Avulsed
59
Type of bone fracture in which normal bone broken by force
Traumatic
60
Type of bone fracture in which abnormal bone broken by minimal trauma or normal weight bearing
Pathologic
61
What are 4 types of complications associated with bone fractures?
1) Bone necrosis and formation of a sequestrum 2) Nonunion fracture 3) Osteomyelitis 4) Cachexia

Pathology 1 (Black Semester) (7 decks)

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