Bone Markings Flashcards
Acetabulum
Deep articular depression formed by fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubic bones. Articulates with head of femur.
Calcaneal tuber
Point of the hock that acts as a site of attachment for the “Achilles tendon”
Costal fovea or articular facets for ribs
Cup-like depressions found between adjacent thoracic vertebrae that the head of the rib fits in
Coxal tuber or hook bone
Large process on ilium that projects laterally. Especially noticeable in bovids.
Deltoid tuberosity
A V-shaped roughened area on the humerus that serve as a point of attachment for the deltoid muscle.
Dens or odontoid process
Peg-like process on axis around which atlas rotates
External auditory meatus
Tube-like canal found in the temporal bone through which sound waves pass to reach the eardrum
Foramen magnum
Large hole in the back of the skull that the spinal cord passes through
Glenoid cavity or fossa
Depression found on the point of scapula where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula
Greater trochanter of the femur
Large protuberance located lateral to the head of femur that acts as a site of muscle attachment
Head of humerus
Spherical process on the proximal end of the humerus that articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
Head of femur
Spherical process on the proximal end of the femur that articulates with acetabulum of the pelvis
Infra- and supraspinous fossa
Nonarticular depressions found on both sides of the spine of the scapula
Ischial tuber or pin bone
Large process on ischium that projects laterally. Especially noticeable in bovids.
Lateral and medial epicondyle of humerus
Rough projections found on the distal end of the humerus that project laterally and medially (funny bone)
Mandibular condyle
A smoothly curved surface on the mandible, which articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
Mandibular fossa
A transverse depression on the temporal bone, which articulates with the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint
Obturator foramen
Two large holes in the pelvis that are formed by pubic bone and ischium
Occipital condyles
Two large cylindrical processes, found on both sides of the foramen magnum, that articulates with the atlas
Olecranon tuber or process
Process on the ulna that forms the “point of the elbow” and acts as a site of attachment for tricep muscles
Sacral tuber
Large process on ilium that projects medially and articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint
Spinous process
Pointed process that projects dorsally from the vertebrae
Supraglenoid tubercle
A small rounded projection found above the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Transverse process
Paired processes that project laterally from the vertebrae
Trochlea of the humerus
Spool-like process on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with radius
Spine of the scapula
Pointed ridge on the scapula that serves as a site of muscle attachment
Zygomatic arch
Bony basis of the cheek formed by articulation of the temporal and zygomatic bones
Plantigrade
Animals walking on the whole sole of food (pes) {and palm of hand (manus)}
- Ex: humans, bears
Digitigrade
Animals walking on the toes with the caudal part of the foot raised off ground
- Ex: cats, dogs
Unguligrade
Animals walking on hooves that cover the tips of distal phalanges
- Ex: horses, ruminants, pigs
