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Phys > Bone and Articulatory system > Flashcards

Bone and Articulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Joint with limited mobilite

A

Ampharthrosis

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2
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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3
Q

Immobile/strong joint

A

Synarthrosis

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4
Q

Only has fibrous connective tissue connecting the bones

A

Suture joint

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5
Q

Joined by fibro caritlage and has little movement

A

Symphis

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6
Q

Fibro cartilage disc that extends into the cavity

A

Meniscus

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7
Q

Structure of a unit of compact bone/rings of calcified matrix called lamelae and a central, osteonic canal(haversian canal)

A

Osteon

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8
Q

Contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

A

Haversian Canal

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9
Q

Tiny channels within the bone matrix. Connects osteocytes with the central canal of osteons

A

Canaliculi

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10
Q

Lattice like network of matrix spike. Allows spongy bone to be strong but light.

A

Trabeculae

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11
Q

Hemopoiesis cells found in some spongy bone and provides trabeculae with nutrients and waste removal

A

Red Marrow

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12
Q

Stores fat (high energy) adipocytes in the diaphysis.

A

Yellow marrow

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13
Q

-Decrease in protien synthesis
-Demineraliation
-elderly dues to less collagen relatice to the amount of mineral salts

A

Bone Loss

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14
Q

-Longitudinal bone growth
-Growth plate

A

Epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

Hayline cartilage acts as a template for bone growth, bone replaces heyline cartilage at the growth plate where ossification occurs

A

endochondrial ossification

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16
Q

Narrow area along the epiphyseal plate where epiphysis meets diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

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17
Q

Tubular shaft b/w prox and distal ends

A

Diaphysis

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18
Q

hollow in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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19
Q

In the medullary cavity, this is the membranous lining where bone growth/repair/and remodeling occure

A

Endosteum
(Ostioblasts)

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20
Q

Fiberous membrane on the outer bone with blood nerve and lymph supply

A

Periosteum

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21
Q

Periosteum has _______layers?

A

2

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22
Q

Dense irregulare C.T.

A

Outer periosteum

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23
Q

Osteogenic layer with osteoprogenitor cells

A

inner periostium

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24
Q

Epicondyles/smongy bone/with red marrow and no osteons

A

Epiphysis

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25
Q

Epiphysis

A

Does not require haversian canal because the trebeculae are surrounded by blood.

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26
Q

This peirces the diaphysis of a long bone though the nutrient foamen (small opening)

A

Nutrient artery

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27
Q

Supplies the medullary cavity

A

Nutrient artery

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28
Q

Injury/excersise/activities all cause

A

bone remodeling

29
Q

Hormones that cause bone remodeling

A

parathyriod - osteoclasts

30
Q

1st step in bone remodeling

A

fracture hema toma
6-8 hours after blood clots

31
Q

Hormone secreted into the blood due to mechanical stress

A

Calcitonin

32
Q

Hormone released by the thyroid to inhibit osteoclasts

A

calcitonin

33
Q

hormone that decreases reabsorption of Ca2+ by the kidney

A

Cacitonin

34
Q

Counter acts PTH to inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulates Ca2+ uptake by the bones and reduces blood Ca2+

A

Calcitonin

35
Q

Blood calcium low

A

PTH released (parathyroid)

36
Q

Blood calcium high

A

Calcitonin (thyroid)

37
Q

Parathyroid releases PTH (Osteoclasts=proliferation and activity) when

A

Ca2+ is not binding to receptors

38
Q

When blood calcium gets too high

A

Thyroid releases Calcitonin

39
Q

Controls bone growth by triggering chondrycyte proliferation in epiphyseal plates

A

Hgh (pituitary gland)

40
Q

epiphyseal plate increases in length (Hgh) until

A

the plate closes

41
Q

Hormones responsible for growth spurts durring adolescence

A

estrogen/testosterone

42
Q

Promotes conversion of epiphyseal plate to epiphseal line ending longitudinal growth

A

Estrogen/testosterone

43
Q

Promotes osteoblastic activity and production of bone matrix

A

Estrogen/Testosterone

44
Q

These cells turn into osteocytes and synthesize bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

45
Q

These cells are located in growing bone - periosteum and endosteum

A

Osteoblasts

46
Q

these cells maintain bone tissue structure and secrete enzymes that maintain mineralization

A

Osteocytes

47
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

48
Q

these cells produce enzymes that break down bone matrix and are located on the bone surface

A

osteoclasts

49
Q

these cells are multinucleated and arise from monocytes and macrophages

A

Osteoclasts

50
Q

these cells are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity

A

Osteogenic Cell

51
Q

Ground substance -calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate combine

A

Hydroxyapatite

52
Q

The main constituent of the ground substance of bones, giving them their hardness and strength

A

Hydroxyapatite

53
Q

These fibers are considered flexible and provide tensile strength

A

colagen fibers

54
Q

when bones are united with fiberous CT

A

Fibous joint

55
Q

When bones are joined by Hayalline cartilage or fibrocartilgae

A

Cartilaginous joint

56
Q

Articulating surfaces directly connected, and join in a cavity

A

Synovial joint

57
Q

Parallell bones joined by fiberous CT, gap may be narrow. Gap is filled by C.T. called interosseous membrane

A

Fibrous Synesmosis

58
Q

Specialized joint that anchors the root of a tooth to its bony socket within the maxillary bone or mandible.

A

Gomphosis

59
Q

Cartilaginous joint unighted by hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondrosis - ex. the hyaline cartilage of the epiphseal plate.

60
Q

Cartilaginous joint unighted by fibrocartilage

A

Symphysis

61
Q

Fluid filled diarthrotic joint

A

synovial

62
Q

Fibrous C.T. structure of a synovial joint

A

articular capsule

63
Q

A think layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone - reducing friction

A

Articular cartilage

64
Q

lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and the cells with in secrete fluid

A

synovial membrane

65
Q

Thick/slimy fluid that reduces joint friction and provides nourishment to articular cartilage

A

synovial fluid

66
Q

Fibrocartilage disk/shock absorber/stabilizer/lubricant

A

Meniscus

67
Q

Elastic ans collagen and protoglycans - ridgid and elastic like the external ear

A

elastic cartilage

68
Q

This cartilage is the most common, is short and dipersed and has a large amount of proteoglycans and the surface is smooth, strong and flexible.

A

Hayline cartilage

69
Q

this form of cartilage is the toughest and is made up of thick bundles of collegan dispersed through matrix.

A

Firbrocartilage.- ex. menisci or intervertebral disks

Phys (8 decks)

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