Bone Anatomy

Question 1

2 organic components of bone

Answer 1

Cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Matrix: osteoid

Question 2

Inorganic composition of bone

Answer 2

Mineral salts 
    Calcium phosphates (crystal matrix)

Question 3

Osteoblasts

Answer 3

Build bone

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

Break down bone

Question 5

Osteocytes

Answer 5

Mature bone cell

Question 6

Osteoid

Answer 6

Collagen and other fibers

Question 7

Calcium phosphates

Answer 7

Gives bone their hardness

65% of bone by mass

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

Shaft of compact bone with marrow cavity (yellow because of fat)

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

End of bone, covered w articular cartilage

Question 10

Epiphyseal line

Answer 10

Growth line

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

Membrane around bone
Outer layer: fibrous c.t.
Inner layer: osteogenic layer (where bones are made; osteoblasts)
Rich supply of nerve fibers, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Endosteum: lines internal bone surfaces

Question 12

Compact bone
Location
Function

Answer 12

External layer of all bones and most of shaft along bones

Protection and support

Question 13

Spongy bone
Location
Function

Answer 13

Deep to compact bones
No osteons
Site of hematopoiesis

Question 14

Trabeculae
Location
Function
Characteristic

Answer 14

Matrix of spongy bone
Where bones are not heavily stressed
Supports and protects bone marrow cells
Lighter than compact bone, reducing weight and making it easier for muscles to move the bones

Question 15

Location of Hematopoietic tissue (red marrow)

Answer 15

Spongy bone of long bones
Diploe of flat bones
In pelvis, sternum, femur, and humerus

Question 16

Ossification

2 types

Answer 16

Replacing tissue with bone
1) intramembranous: from mesenchyme or fibrous c.t.
Occurs along flat bones of the skull
2) endochondral: bone replaces existing cartilage
Occurs with long bone growth.

Question 17

Doctors role in repairing fractures?

Answer 17

1. Reduction

2. Immobilization

Question 18

Stages in the healing of a bone fracture

1-4

Answer 18

1. Hematoma (blood filled swelling)
2. Fibrocartilage callus formation (acts as a splint)
3. Bony callus formation (3-4 weeks after) replaces fibrocartilage
4. Bone remodeling

Question 19

6 different fractures

Answer 19

Comminuted 
Compression 
Depressed 
Impacted 
Spiral
Free stick

Question 20

Comminuted

Answer 20

Many fragments

Question 21

Compression

Answer 21

Crushed

Question 22

Depressed

Answer 22

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

Question 23

Impacted

Answer 23

Broken ends are forced together

Question 24

Spiral

Answer 24

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting force are applied to a bone

Question 25

Greenstick

Answer 25

Bone breaks incompletely

Question 26

Osteoporosis

Answer 26

Bone reabsorption>bone deposit

Question 27

Rickets

Answer 27

Bones inadequately mineralized
Bowed legs
Deformities of pelvis, skull, and rib cage
Caused by insufficient calcium or vitamin D

Question 28

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 28

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Question 29

Five functions of a bone

Answer 29

Support
Protect
Movement
Mineral storage (calcium and phosphate) 
Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)