Bone Flashcards
Two parts of skeletal system. And how many bones are in each of them?
Axial bones: 80
Appendicular bones: 126
6 Tissues composing bone
- Osseous tissue (mineralized specialized connective tissue)
- Cartilage
- Dense connective tissue
- Epithelium
- Adipose tissue
- Nervous tissue
5 Bone Shapes
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Name of cavity containing bone marrow
Medullary Cavity
3 portions of long bone
Epiphysis -> Metaphysis -> Diaphysis
What is the other name for growth plate? Where is it located? What does it contain and what is its function?
Epiphyseal plate in each metaphysis of growing bone
contains hyaline cartilage
allows diaphysis to grow in length
What does the growth plate turns into in adult long bone?
Epiphyseal line
What type of tissue is periosteum?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Name the layers lining medullary cavity in order
Bone marrow -> endosteum -> Compact Bone -> Sharpey’s fibre -> periosteum
What are osteocytes contained in?
Lacuna
What connects the lacuna together? What are their functions?
Canaliculi
help communication between lacunae, exchange of nutrients & waste products with blood vessels
Name of non-calcified newly laid bone matrix
Osteoid
Name of stem cell (mesenchymal cell) that would be differentiated into osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitors
Basic functional unit in mature compact bone
two names
Osteon
Haversian system
Name of canal connecting Haversian canals
Volkmann’s canals
Which substance in the extracellular matrix gives bone its flexibility?
Collagen fibres
2 Layers of periosteum
Fibrous outer layer (dense irregular connective tissue)
Cellular inner layer
What does the inorganic contents in bone extracellular matrix contribute to?
Give an example of the inorganic content.
Mechanical strength, rigidity, hardness
Hydroxyapatite crytals
What does the organic contents in bone extracellular matrix contribute to?
Give an example of the organic content.
Flexibility, tensile strength
Collagen fibres
Maturational stages of osteogenic cells
- Osteoprogenitors
- Preosteoblasts
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
Origin of osteoblasts in axial & appendicular skeleton (apart from head)
Mesenchymal
Origin of osteoblasts in head
Ectomesenchymal (from neural crest cells)
Functions of osteocytes
Maintain bone integrity & vitality
Process of bone resorption
- Osteoclasts attach to mineralized surface of bone
- Create an acidic sealed environment -> demineralize bone -> expose organic matrix
- Release enzymes to degrade the organic matrix
How is the border where bone resorption takes place described? What is its function?
Ruffled border
Increase surface area
4 pairs of paranasal sinuses
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoid sinus
- Sphenoid sinus
- Maxillary sinus
4 Processes in maxilla
- Frontal process
- Zygomatic process
- Alveolar process
- Palatine process
What are the paranasal sinuses lined by? What is its shape?
Respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified
Name describing condition with no teeth present
Edentulous
