bonds Flashcards
ds E (super) o unit https://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/electrolysis/solutions.html#top
if v -, ele more lk 2 lose e- a form ion in electrolysis
if v +, hard 2 losw e-, easily gains e- 2 revert to neutral form
ele at cathode in electrolysis, why
if metal above H on electrochem series, get H
if below (Cu) get it
as lower have +Eo so easily gain e- 2 make their vneutral compound
eq 4 release of O2 electrolysis
4OH- -> 2H2O+O2 +4e-
or 2H2O-> O2+ 4H+ +4e-
sf cathode electroly
lead 2 zinc (unless at v hi conc, are discharged instead of H
eq discharge H
2H+->H2 +2e-
or 2H20+2e- -> H2+2OH
ds anode, cathode in electroplating
cath of metal to plate, anode of metal plating from,
eg Ni: cat: Ni2+ +2e–> Ni, an: Ni-> Ni2++2e-
pv=
nRT num molgas const temp
state charles’ law, fma
For fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume prop kelvin temperature, v= kt (vol= const*temp
fma compression factor
pv/nRT
ideal compression factor, why x occurs 4 real gas (2)
1, too high if hi pressure
as gas atom occupy lots more of container
so measured vol 4 eq > actual vol avail 2 gas
so pv/nrt bigger
2 low if low temp
as IMF slow down mols just b4 hit container wall
(mol at edge has no mols in front so net IMF bkw)
so hit gently a excert less press
so pv/ nrt smaller
1 kf low compression factor at low temp, hi press
low: mol move slower so bkw IMF has much bigger effect
hi: mols close together so stronger IMF
form 4AL OH w swap a drop
Al3+ OH- so Al1 OH3 so 4AL(OH)3
why ionic brittle
when hit move atoms so + align w + ion so repel apart
ep how to mk ionic bond strongest, 1sf
biggest charge= stronger electrostatic F
smaller ionic rd = closer together
if have both have hi charge density
when ionic rd big/smll
big 4 big atoms as more e- shells
smaller if more proton in nucleus as stronger F pulling e- towards centre
