bonding, structure and the properties of matter Flashcards
Which bonding occurs between a metal and a non metal?
Ionic bonding.
What happens to the metal in ionic bonding?
Electrons in the outer shell are lost making it a positive ion.
What happens to the non-metal in ionic bonding?
Gains electrons and becomes a negative ion.
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons.
What are ionic compounds held together by?
Electrostatic, attractive forces between the oppositely charged ions.
Why do forces act in every direction in an ionic compound?
Because it is a 3D structure.
What is covalent bonding?
When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
What does metallic bonding consist of?
Positive ions and delocalised electrons arranged in a regular pattern.
Why are delocalised electrons shared in metallic bonding?
To make the metallic bonds strong.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
As lots of energy is required to break the many strong bonds.
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?
As ions are free to move and can carry current.
Why do small molecules not conduct electricity?
As they don’t have an overall electric charge.
What is broken when boiling/melting small molecules?
The weak intermolecular forces.
Why are polymers solid at room temperature?
As they have relatively strong intermolecular forces.
What is the particle theory?
The amount of energy needed to change state depends on the strength of the forces between the particles.
