atomic structure + the periodic table

Question 1

Define malleable.

Answer 1

The ability of a metal to be formed into different shapes.

Question 2

Define ductile.

Answer 2

The ability of a material to stretch and deform permanently.

Question 3

Define brittle.

Answer 3

When a material fractures, breaks or snaps.

Question 4

What 4 physical processes separate mixtures?

Answer 4

~Filtration
~Crystallisation
~Simple and fractional distillation
~Chromatography

Question 5

What are mixtures?

Answer 5

2 or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.

Question 6

What is the mass number?

Answer 6

Total number of protons and neutrons.

Question 7

What is the atomic number?

Answer 7

The number of protons in an atom of an element.

Question 8

What is the relative atomic mass an average of?

Answer 8

The abundance of isotopes of the element.

Question 9

How do you calculate relative atomic mass?

Answer 9

(Isotope 1 mass x abundance) + (Isotope 2 mass x abundance) divided by 100

Question 10

How is a compound formed or separated?

Answer 10

From elements and by chemical reactions.

Question 11

What is the electronic structure?

Answer 11

When electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels/shells closest to the central nucleus.

Question 12

John Newlands ordered his periodic table by…

Answer 12

Atomic weight (+the law of octaves)

Question 13

What is law of octaves?

Answer 13

That similar properties occurred every 8th element.

Question 14

When did the law of octaves stop working?

Answer 14

After calcium.

Question 15

Dmitri Mendeleev ordered his periodic table by…

Answer 15

Atomic mass.

Question 16

How is the current periodic table arranged?

Answer 16

Elements are in order of atomic number.

Question 17

Elements with similar properties are…

Answer 17

In the same group.

Question 18

Elements in the same group have the same amount of…

Answer 18

Electrons in their outer shell.

Question 19

Metals react to form…

Answer 19

Positive ions.

Question 20

Non metals do not…

Answer 20

Form positive ions.

Question 21

When were electrons, protons and neutrons discovered?

Answer 21

In the early 20th century.

Question 22

What disproved the order of atomic weight?

Answer 22

Knowledge of isotopes.

Question 23

How many electrons do group 1/ alkali metals have in their outer shell?

Answer 23

1.

Question 24

What happens to reactivity as you go down group 1?

Answer 24

It increases.

Question 25

What do group 1/alkali metals react with water to form?

Answer 25

An alkaline solution and hydrogen.

Question 26

What do the group 1/alkali metals react with oxygen to form?

Answer 26

An oxide.

Question 27

What do the group 1/alkali metals react with chlorine to form?

Answer 27

A white precipitate.

Question 28

What happens when lithium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 28

A red flame and white solid is produced.

Question 29

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

Answer 29

It fizzes and gradually disappears.

Question 30

What happens when lithium reacts with chlorine?

Answer 30

A white powder is produced.

Question 31

What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 31

An orange flame and white solid is produced.

Question 32

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 32

It melts, fizzes and disappears quickly.

Question 33

What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine?

Answer 33

Yellow flame and clouds of white powder are produced.

Question 34

What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 34

A lilac flame is produced.

Question 35

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

Answer 35

Produces sparks and a lilac flame then disappears.

Question 36

What happens when potassium reacts with chlorine?

Answer 36

There is a more vigorous reaction than sodium.

Question 37

How many electrons do the group 0/ noble gases have in their outer shell?

Answer 37

8 (full).

Question 38

Which noble gas is an exception?

Answer 38

Helium as it only has 2 electrons in its full outer shell.

Question 39

What increases going down the group in group 0/ noble gases?

Answer 39

The boiling points and relative atomic mass.

Question 40

Why are the group 0 elements/ noble gases unreactive?

Answer 40

They have a stable electron arrangement meaning they don’t form molecules easily.

Question 41

What are transition elements like compared to group 1 elements.

Answer 41

~Much less reactive ~Are harder and stronger ~Higher melting points and density (except for mercury)

Question 42

What is manganese used as a catalyst for?

Answer 42

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Question 43

What is iron used as a catalyst for?

Answer 43

The haber process.

Question 44

What is nickel used as a catalyst for?

Answer 44

The manufacture of margarine.

Question 45

What are the typical properties of transition metals?

Answer 45

~Useful as catalysts ~Form coloured compounds ~Have ions with many different charges

Question 46

What are the properties of chromium?

Answer 46

Lustrous, brittle and hard metal.

Question 47

What are the properties of manganese?

Answer 47

Hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, easy to oxidise.

Question 48

What are the properties of copper?

Answer 48

Highly ductile and conductive, malleable and soft.

Question 49

What are the properties of cobalt?

Answer 49

Brittle and hard with a high melting point.

Question 50

What are the properties of nickel?

Answer 50

Hard, malleable and ductile, decent conductor of heat and electricity.

Question 51

What are the properties of iron?

Answer 51

Good conductor, rusts easily in air and is strong,ductile and malleable.

Question 52

How many electrons does group 7/ the halogens have in their outer shell?

Answer 52

7.

Question 53

What forms when the group 7 elements/ the halogens react with metals?

Answer 53

Ionic compounds.

Question 54

What forms when the group 7 elements/ the halogens react with non metals?

Answer 54

Covalent compounds with a shared pair of electrons.

Question 55

What increases as you go down group 7/ the halogens?

Answer 55

~Relative molecular mass ~Melting and boiling point

Question 56

Why does reactivity decrease down group 7/ the halogens?

Answer 56

~As halogens react by gaining an electron ~Number of shells increase so less other electrons are attracted

Question 57

A decrease in reactivity in group 7 / the halogens means…

Answer 57

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen in the aqueous solution of its salt.