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Chemistry > Bonding, Structure and Property Matter > Flashcards

Bonding, Structure and Property Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Unrefined oil

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrogen and carbon compounds

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

What is the formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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5
Q

What type of bond does alkanes have?

A

Single- saturated

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6
Q

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

A

Double- unsaturated

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7
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Because they have different boiling points, the substances in crude oil can be separated using fractional distillation. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours allowed to condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column

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8
Q

How is the fractional distillation columns arranged?

A

Short chain lengths at the top and long at the bottom

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9
Q

What is the boiling point of small molecules?

A

Low because they need less energy to be broken down by

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10
Q

What is the boiling point of large molecules?

A

High because they need more energy to be broken down by

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11
Q

What is the viscosity of small molecules?

A

Thin

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12
Q

What is the viscosity of large molecules?

A

Thick

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13
Q

What is the flammability of small molecules?

A

Very flammable because there is less bonds to break

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14
Q

What is the flammability of large molecules?

A

Flammable because they have more bonds to break

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15
Q

What is cracking?

A

When long hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller hydrocarbons

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16
Q

What do you need to perform cracking?

A

High temperature

Catalyst

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17
Q

What are the fractions of crude oil?

A 
Natural gas- cooking gas
Propane- caravans
Petrol- cars
Diesel- vans and cars
Kerosene- aeroplane
Fuel oil- ships
Bitumen- tarmac
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18
Q

What is combustion?

A

When fuel a fuel reacts with oxygen

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19
Q

Fuel + oxygen equals

A

Carbon dioxide + water

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20
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction

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21
Q

What is ionic bonds made up of?

A

A metal and a non metal

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22
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Atoms that share a pair of electrons

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23
Q

What is covalent bonds made up of?

A

Non metals

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24
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a charge

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25
Q

What are ionic bonds arranged into?

A

A lattice structure

26
Q

What are ionic bonds held together by?

A

Electrostatic attraction

27
Q

Why can ionic bonds not conduct electricity when in a solid?

A

Since ions are in a fixed lattice so they cannot move so ions cannot carry charge

28
Q

What is the appearance of an ionic compound?

A

Usually white solids

29
Q

Are ionic compounds easily dissolved?

A

Yes to form aqueous solutions

30
Q

When can an ionic compound conduct electricity?

A

When it is molten or dissolved since the ions are free to move so they can carry charge

31
Q

What type of melting and boiling points does ionic compounds have?

A

They are high this means they are solids at room temperature

32
Q

What does it mean if they have a high boiling and melting point?

A

They require a lot of energy to break their strong forces of electrostatic attraction. also they are in a lattice formation so there is many bonds

33
Q

What is silicon dioxide made from?

A

SiO2

Silicon and oxygen

34
Q

What is silicon dioxide commonly known as?

A

Glass

35
Q

Why does it take a lot of energy to break SiO2 bonds?

A

Because it has very strong bonds

36
Q

What is diamond made from?

A

Carbon

37
Q

How many bonds does diamond have?

A

4

38
Q

Why does diamond need a lot of energy to break its bonds?

A

As it has very strong bonds

39
Q

What type of melting point does diamond have?

A

High

40
Q

What is diamond used for?

A

Drill bits and jewellery

41
Q

What is graphite made from?

A

Carbon

42
Q

How many bonds does graphite have?

A

3

43
Q

How is graphite arranged?

A

In sheets

44
Q

Why is graphite soft?

A

As it has sliding layers

45
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

A

Because of its delocalised electron

46
Q

What is graphite used for?

A

Lubricant

47
Q

What type of forces does graphite have?

A

Weak intermolecular forces

48
Q

Why is graphene similar to graphite?

A

Because it can conduct electricity

49
Q

How does graphene conduct electricity?

A

Through its delocalised electron

50
Q

Why does graphene have very strong bonds?

A

Due to its strong intermolecular forces

51
Q

Why are carbon nanotubes similar to graphene?

A

Because they can conduct electricity

52
Q

What is carbon nanotubes used for and why?

A

Building materials because its lightweight

53
Q

What is Buckminster fullerene made from?

A

Carbon

54
Q

Why is it hollow in the centre?

A

To hold drugs

55
Q

What happens in combustion of alkenes?

A

Burns with a smokier yellow flame and releases less energy per mole as it can result in incomplete combustion

56
Q

How many carbons does methane have?

A

1

57
Q

How many carbons does ethene have?

A

2

58
Q

How many carbons does propene have?

A

3

59
Q

How many carbons does butene have?

A

4

60
Q

What do the halogens form with alkenes?

A

Dibromo (bromine)
Dichloro (chlorine)
DIiodo (iodine)

Chemistry (11 decks)

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