Bonding - Ions Flashcards
What are ions?
An atom or molecule with a net charge
+ve
-ve
How are ions formed?
Through the gain/loss of electrons
What type of ion do you get through the loss of electrons?
Cation
+ve
What type of ion do you get through the gain of electrons?
Anion
-ve
How do we tell if an element will be positive or negative?
By the group it is in on the periodic table
Ones on the left (Columns 1-13) lose (+)
Ones on the right (columns 14-17) gain (-)
What ions form for Ag (gold)?
1+
What ions form for Zn (zinc)?
2+
Which column on the periodic table don’t form ions?
The noble gases
The last column
Why don’t the Nobel gases form ions?
They have a full outer shell of electrons
This makes them stable + unreactive so they don’t tend to gain or lose electrons
Can elements only form 1 iron?
No
Some elements form multiple ions with different charges
E.g. iron (Fe)
When are molecular ions formed?
When groups of 2 or more atoms are covalently bonded and they gain/lose electrons
This results in charge that is localised or shared across the molecule
Molecular ions
What are examples of ions with a +1 charge?
(1)
Ammonium
NH4*+
Molecular ions
What are examples of ions with a -1 charge?
(2)
Hydroxide
OH*-
Nitrate
NO3*-
Molecular ions
What are examples of ions with a -2 charge?
(2)
Carbonate
CO3*2-
Sulphate
SO4*2-
Ionic formulae
What are ionic compounds compose of?
Oppositely charge ions
