Bonding - Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic attraction between positive + negative ions
What does ionic bonding generally occur between?
Metal and non metal
What does chemical bonding allow to happen?
Allows elements to obtain full outer shells
What orbitals are manly found on the full outer shells in ionic bonding?
(2)
S- orbitals
P- orbitals
What structure do ions exist as?
Giant ionic lattices
Not just 1 +ve and 1 -ve ion
What is the structure of giant ionic lattices?
Each ion surrounded by oppositely charged ions
Is a 3D lattice
What are the properties of ionic substances?
High melting + boiling points (solid at room temp)
Soluble in polar solvents
They are electrolytes
Why do ionic substances have high melting + boiling points?
Ionic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Lost of energy is required to break these bonds
Resulting in high melting and boiling points
What are polar substances?
Solvents that contain polar bonds
Why are ionic substances soluble in polar solvents?
Polar bonds are a result of the unequal sharing of electrons within a bond
This results in atoms having a slight charge
These slightly charged atoms can attract the charged ions in within ionic lattices
The lattice becomes disrupted
What does electrolytes mean?
They can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
What happens when ionic substances are electrolytes?
The previously solid lattice breaks down
Ions are now free to move
As a result, electricity can be conducted
What 2 factors determine the strength of an ionic bond?
Harte on the ions
Distance between ions
What happens if ions have a higher charge?
Ions with higher charges will have greater electrostatic attraction between them, and so form stronger bonds
What happens if an ion is smaller?
Smaller ions have a smaller internuclear distance, meaning the electrostatic force of attraction is stronger
This means smaller ions form stronger ionic bonds in more closely packed lattices
