Bonding higher and lower tier Flashcards
what are electrostatic attractions
attractions of particles due to their charge (positive with negative, negative with positive)
when does COVALENT BONDING occur
2 non-metals sharing an electron in their outer shell, (one of them will have a full outer shell)
when does IONIC BONDING occur
When a metal and a non-metal, the metal transfers its electron to the non-metal
What types of forces are in IONIC bonds?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between atoms
what type of forces are in COVALENT BONDS?
Very strong covalent bonds within molecules, require a lot of energy to break.
However have weak intermolecular forces between ions, so these compounds have low boiling points- as low amount of heat is required to break bonds
Examples of covalent bonds
Hydrogen and water
Examples of Ionic bonds
Magnesium oxide
What are double/ triple bonds
This is when 2 or 3 pairs of electrons are shared in a compound, as they try to create a full outer shell
eg. carbon dioxide, as carbon is in group 4 and therefore requires 2 more pairs of electrons to have a full outer shell
how do metallic bonds occur, and how strong are they
Metal atoms form giant structures in which electrons in the outer shells of the metal atoms are free to move- this is why they are good conductors
Metallic bonds are strong- so have high melting points
describe the structure of diamonds
Tetrahedron shape, giant covalent bonds between carbons
describe the structure of graphite
layered carbon elements with covalent bonds between them (very strong)
no covalent bonds between layers (layers slide off easily)
how can we use graphenes structure to our advantage
strong coatings of paint and pencils as layers easily slide off each other
