ATOMS, STRUCTURE, AND EQUATIONS Flashcards
What is the conversion from cm^3 to dm^3
Divide by 1000 1dm=10cm
Is the atomic number the big or small number on a periodic table element
smaller number
What is the bigger number on the element
the atomic mass
true or false, the atomic number is the same number of the amount of Protons
true
What charges do ELECTRONS and PROTONS have
Protons=1, Electrons= -1
What is the EQUATION to find number of NEUTRONS
(ATOMIC MASS - ATOMIC NUMBER)
What is the difference between an Element, a Compound and a Mixture
- An element is already in its simplest form and contains ONLY 1 type of atom
- Compounds are 2 or more DIFFERENT elements chemically bound together
- Mixtures are different elements mixed together but NOT CHEMICALLY BONDED, so CAN be separated
When is filtration used
to separate solids and liquids
What is crystallization?
separates a solute from a solution
What separation technique separates a MIXTURE of liquids AND HOW?
fractional distillation/simple distillation, can separate a mixture of liquids by, evaporating liquids as they will have different BOILING POINTS
How many electrons can each SHELL hold
first: 2
Second: 8
third: 8
fourth: 8
How do you work out Mr (relative atomic mass)
Add the atomic mass of each atom together, some will have more than 1 so you then have to multiply the atomic mass by that number, then add.
How are moles calculated
Mass/ total Mr = moles
how many moles of Magnesium Oxide are there in 60 grams of MgO?
Mr of Mg=24
Mr of O=16
1.5 mol (moles)
What is EMPIRICAL FORMULA
the simplest (whole) number ratio of atoms of EACH element in a compound
IT IS found by DIVIDING the mass of the atom by the Mr of the atom. Then it is put into a ratio
calculate the empirical formula of 5 grams of X which forms a compound with 10 grams of Y
Mr of x=2
Mr of y=2
5/2=2.5 (x)
10/2=5 (y)
2.5 : 5➜ 1 : 2 ➜ XY₂
Definition of percentage yield and the equation
When we work out an equation the outcome is A theoretical YIELD
but the actual PERCENTAGE YIELD is the actual outcome vs the theoretical yield
THE EQUATION IS
((Actual outcome /Theoretical outcome) *100)
Bob has an experiment when he mixes atom X and Atom Y, he expects the outcome to be 80g, however he only gets 40 grams OUT OF IT
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE YIELD?
40/80= 0.5
0.5*100= 50%
What is a LIMITING REAGENT
its the reactant that would run out first in a reaction, as it limits the amount of production that could be made
How do you find volume in dm^3
number of moles*24 dm^3
How is concentration measured
mass (g)/volume(dm^3)
What is TITRATION
a titration is an experiment in which you see what Volume of a reactant is needed to completely react with a certain volume of another reactant
how are titrations measured
amount of moles/ Concentration (in mol/dm^3)
would fractional distilltion or simple distillation be used to separate a miscible layer of liquids
fractional distillation
what does ‘concordant’ mean in a titration
similar results of titration outcomes/ similar volumes of titrate needed. this is to identify outliers
uses for sulphuric acid
fertilisers and cleaning detergents
how can you collect gas in an experiment (2 ways)
using a syringe
using a measuring cylinder upside down in water
