Bonding

Question 1

Definition of metallic bonding

Answer 1

Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons.

Share delocalised electrons

Question 2

What does metallic bonding consist of?

Answer 2

Metals

Question 3

Examples of metallic bonding

Answer 3

Sodium, Lithium, Potassium etc.

Question 4

Properties of metallic bonding

Answer 4

Can conduct electricity
Delocalised electrons so they can move
Layers can move- ductile

Question 5

Definition of Ionic Bonding

Answer 5

Lattice of positive & negative ions with very strong intermolecular forces

Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal

Question 6

What does ionic bonding consist of?

Answer 6

Metals & Non-Metals

in compounds

Question 7

Examples of ionic bonding

Answer 7

Sodium chloride, Magnesium Oxide etc.

Question 8

Properties of ionic bonding

Answer 8

Dissolves in water

Can conduct electricity when in solution as ions are free to move

Question 9

Definition of covalent bonding

Answer 9

Sharing if electrons between 2 non- metals

Question 10

What does covalent bonding consist of?

Answer 10

Non-metals

Question 11

Examples of simple covalent bonding

Answer 11

Chloride, Ammonia, Methane, Water etc.

Question 12

Properties of simple covalent bonding

Answer 12

Low boiling & melting points due to there being weak intermolecular forces- little energy needed to overcome them

Question 13

Examples of giant covalent structures

Answer 13

Diamond

Graphite

Question 14

Structure of ionic compounds

Answer 14

Giant ionic lattice

Question 15

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 15

High melting point
High boiling point
Only conduct when molten or dissolved- ions free to move

Question 16

Structure of simple covalent compounds

Answer 16

Covalent bonding

Small

Question 17

Properties of simple covalent compounds

Answer 17

Low melting/boiling points

Don’t conduct electricity

Question 18

Structure of giant covalent compounds

Answer 18

Giant covalent structure

Question 19

Properties of giant covalent compounds

Answer 19

High melting/boiling points
Don’t conduct
Don’t dissolve

Question 20

Structure of a diamond

Answer 20

Giant covalent compounds
Carbon
Each carbon makes 4 bonds

Question 21

Properties of diamond

Answer 21

Hard

Question 22

Structure of graphite

Answer 22

Giant covalent
Carbon
Each carbon makes 3 bonds

Question 23

Properties of graphite

Answer 23

Soft

Conducts electricity because it’s in sheets and there’s a spare electron floating around

Question 24

What is graphene?

Answer 24

Single sheet of graphite

Question 25

Comparison of graphite and diamond

Answer 25

Both pure carbon Graphite: 3 carbon bonds Soft Diamond: 4 carbon bonds Hard

Question 26

How many bonds do carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerenes make?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

What are buckminsterfullerenes used for?

Answer 27

Lubricants | Drug delivery

Question 28

Properties of polymers with cross links

Answer 28

Fixed in place | Burn upon heating

Question 29

Properties of polymers with no cross links

Answer 29

Melt upon heating can slide across each other

Question 30

How do you measure the moss or volume of a reactant or product?

Answer 30

Collect it- gas syringe or scale or balance | Look at how mass changes whilst reaction progresses

Question 31

Why will there be a degree of uncertainty?

Answer 31

The meniscus makes it hard to read | The solution may not be exactly to a line on a measuring cylinder or equipment similar

Question 32

Elements that react to form positive ions are...

Answer 32

metals

Question 33

Elements that do not form positive ions are...

Answer 33

non metals

Question 34

How does the charge number relate to the group number?

Answer 34

The charge on ions produced by metals in group 1&2 and non metals in group 6&7 relates to the group number of the element.

Question 35

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 35

A giant structure of ions. Held together by electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

Question 36

What covalently bonded substances have large molecules?

Answer 36

Polymers

Question 37

What covalently bonded substances have gian covalent structures?

Answer 37

Diamond | Silicon Dioxide

Question 38

Properties of substances that have small molecules

Answer 38

Low melting and boiling point Weak forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) These are overcome and not the covalent bonds when melted or boiled The bigger the molecules the bigger the intermolecular forces Don’t conduct electricity because don’t have an overalls electric charge

Question 39

Polymers

Answer 39

Very large molecules Atoms in polymer molecules link to other atoms by strong covalent forces Intermolecular forces are relatively strong so solid at room temp

Question 40

Giant covalent structures

Answer 40

Solids with very high melting points. Atoms linked by strong covalent bonds. Must be overcome to melt or boil. Diamond, graphite and Silicon dioxide