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Chemistry > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of metallic bonding

A

Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons.

Share delocalised electrons

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2
Q

What does metallic bonding consist of?

A

Metals

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3
Q

Examples of metallic bonding

A

Sodium, Lithium, Potassium etc.

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4
Q

Properties of metallic bonding

A

Can conduct electricity
Delocalised electrons so they can move
Layers can move- ductile

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5
Q

Definition of Ionic Bonding

A

Lattice of positive & negative ions with very strong intermolecular forces

Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal

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6
Q

What does ionic bonding consist of?

A

Metals & Non-Metals

in compounds

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7
Q

Examples of ionic bonding

A

Sodium chloride, Magnesium Oxide etc.

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8
Q

Properties of ionic bonding

A

Dissolves in water

Can conduct electricity when in solution as ions are free to move

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9
Q

Definition of covalent bonding

A

Sharing if electrons between 2 non- metals

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10
Q

What does covalent bonding consist of?

A

Non-metals

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11
Q

Examples of simple covalent bonding

A

Chloride, Ammonia, Methane, Water etc.

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12
Q

Properties of simple covalent bonding

A

Low boiling & melting points due to there being weak intermolecular forces- little energy needed to overcome them

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13
Q

Examples of giant covalent structures

A

Diamond

Graphite

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14
Q

Structure of ionic compounds

A

Giant ionic lattice

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15
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

High melting point
High boiling point
Only conduct when molten or dissolved- ions free to move

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16
Q

Structure of simple covalent compounds

A

Covalent bonding

Small

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17
Q

Properties of simple covalent compounds

A

Low melting/boiling points

Don’t conduct electricity

18
Q

Structure of giant covalent compounds

A

Giant covalent structure

19
Q

Properties of giant covalent compounds

A

High melting/boiling points
Don’t conduct
Don’t dissolve

20
Q

Structure of a diamond

A

Giant covalent compounds
Carbon
Each carbon makes 4 bonds

21
Q

Properties of diamond

A

Hard

22
Q

Structure of graphite

A

Giant covalent
Carbon
Each carbon makes 3 bonds

23
Q

Properties of graphite

A

Soft

Conducts electricity because it’s in sheets and there’s a spare electron floating around

24
Q

What is graphene?

A

Single sheet of graphite

25
Q

Comparison of graphite and diamond

A

Both pure carbon

Graphite:
3 carbon bonds
Soft

Diamond:
4 carbon bonds
Hard

26
Q

How many bonds do carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerenes make?

A

3

27
Q

What are buckminsterfullerenes used for?

A

Lubricants

Drug delivery

28
Q

Properties of polymers with cross links

A

Fixed in place

Burn upon heating

29
Q

Properties of polymers with no cross links

A

Melt upon heating can slide across each other

30
Q

How do you measure the moss or volume of a reactant or product?

A

Collect it- gas syringe or scale or balance

Look at how mass changes whilst reaction progresses

31
Q

Why will there be a degree of uncertainty?

A

The meniscus makes it hard to read

The solution may not be exactly to a line on a measuring cylinder or equipment similar

32
Q

Elements that react to form positive ions are…

A

metals

33
Q

Elements that do not form positive ions are…

A

non metals

34
Q

How does the charge number relate to the group number?

A

The charge on ions produced by metals in group 1&2 and non metals in group 6&7 relates to the group number of the element.

35
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A giant structure of ions. Held together by electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

36
Q

What covalently bonded substances have large molecules?

A

Polymers

37
Q

What covalently bonded substances have gian covalent structures?

A

Diamond

Silicon Dioxide

38
Q

Properties of substances that have small molecules

A

Low melting and boiling point
Weak forces between molecules (intermolecular forces)
These are overcome and not the covalent bonds when melted or boiled
The bigger the molecules the bigger the intermolecular forces
Don’t conduct electricity because don’t have an overalls electric charge

39
Q

Polymers

A

Very large molecules
Atoms in polymer molecules link to other atoms by strong covalent forces

Intermolecular forces are relatively strong so solid at room temp

40
Q

Giant covalent structures

A

Solids with very high melting points. Atoms linked by strong covalent bonds. Must be overcome to melt or boil.
Diamond, graphite and Silicon dioxide

Chemistry (10 decks)

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