Atoms Flashcards
What is the mass of a proton?
1
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the mass of an electron?
Very small
1/2000
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
Where is the atomic number?
Top number
smaller number
No. protons or electrons
Where is the mass number?
bottom number of largest number
Protons + neutrons
Formula for Carbon Dioxide?
CO2
Formula for a Water
H20
Formula for oxygen gas
O2
Formula for hydrogen gas
H2
Formula for Nitrogen gas
N2
Formula for ammonia
NH3
Formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
Formula for sulphuric acid
H2SO4
What is an ion?
A particle that is electrically charged when an atom loses or gains an electron to form a full outer shell
What are metals made up of?
Positive atoms in a sea of delocalised electrons
Why can metals conduct electricity and heat?
There is delocalised electrons
What are alloys made up of?
Positive ions, delocalised electrons.
However, a metal or non metal has been added
Properties of pure metals
Layers which can slide
So they’re soft
Properties of alloy
Distorted layers which can’t slide
Means they’re hard
What is the reactivity series?
Potassium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
What elements are separated using electrolysis?
Potassium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
What elected are separated using Reduction?
Zinc and Iron
What atoms are found in the form of metal oxides?
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum
What happens when the metal is more reactive than hydrogen in electrolysis?
You’ll get hydrogen as the gas
What happens if the metal is less reactive than hydrogen in electrolysis?
Won’t get hydrogen
Explain displacement reactions
When metal1 is more reactive than the metal2 in the compound, then metal 1 displaces metal 2 and becomes a compound
What does OILRIG mean?
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrodes
Is the cathode positive or negative?
Negative
Name the positive electrode?
Anode
Half equations for electrolysis
Cu2+ + 2e- -> Cu. Reduction at cathode
2F- - 2e- -> F2 Oxidation at anode
What is nanotechnology?
Taking atoms and rearranging them into specific locations or sizes so we can use it
Very small
Increase surface areas
What are nano particles?
Refers to structures that are 1-100nm in size, of the order of a few hundred atoms. 1x10 to the power of -9nm
What are fine particles?
PM 2.5
Diameters between 1-100nm and 2500nm (1x10 -7 and 2.5 x 10-6)
What are coarse particles?
PM 10
Diameters between 2500nm and 10000nm (2.5x10 -6 and 1x10 -5)
Dust
What does surface area to volume mean for nanoparticles?
Gives them different properties and means that they can be used in smaller quantities
As side of cube decreases by factor of 10, surface area increases to volume ratio increases by factor of 10
Uses of nanoparticles
Medicines, electronics, cosmetics and sun creams, as deodorants and catalysts. Important area for scientific research.
Possible risks of nanoparticles
Small size so can be breathed in, or pass into cells.
Toxic substances could bind to them because of large surface area to volume ratio.
