BONDING

Question 1

Dipole dipole attractions

Answer 1

Attraction between polar molecules

Partial neg – partial positive

Weaker than covalent bonds

HCl

Question 2

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 2

Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen

Partial charges stronger than expected

Elements: high Electronegativity, small atomic radius

Stronger than dipole dipole, & dispersion
Weaker than covalent bonds

Question 3

Dispersion forces

Answer 3

Exist in ALL molecules
Only intermolecular forces in NONPOLAR molecules

When a symmetrical molecule losses it’s symmetry it forms a temporary dipole, partial neg repels adjacent atom=shift position

Nonpolar molecules exist in the liquid/ solid state under HIGH pressure & LOW temps

Question 4

The strength of Dispersion forces INCREASE with

Answer 4

INCREASE molecular size

DECREASE distance between molecules

Question 5

Dispersion forces DECREASE in strength due to

Answer 5

DECREASE in molecular size

INCREASE in distance between molecules

Question 6

Halogens

Answer 6

Diatomic/ nonpolar molecules

Down a group, weakest – strongest attraction

Molecular size/ electron # INCREASES
Dispersion forces INCREASE with strength

2 gasses, 1 liquid, 1 solid

Question 7

Noble gases

Answer 7

Dispersion forces

Monatomic nonpolar molecules

Moving down a group #electrons INCREASES
Dispersion forces INCREASES
Boiling point INCREASES

Question 8

Molecule Ion Attractions

Answer 8

Mostly polar, WEAK nonpolar
Polar attracted to ion respectively (partial positive to partial negative)

Ionic compounds generally dissolve in polar solvents

Crystalline structure destroyed by molecule ion attractions results in hydrated ions

Question 9

Hydrated ion

Answer 9

Completely surrounded by water

Question 10

Property indicators

Answer 10

Ionic- nonconductors as solids, EXCELLENT as liquid or aqueous

Molecular- IMF (weak bonds) LOW melting point

Network of solids- VERY HIGH melting point

Metallic- EXCELLENT conductors as solids

Question 11

Ionic solid

Answer 11

Ionic bonds

High melting point

Tends to be soluble

*Not great conductors as solids but AMAZING conductors as liquid / aqueous (free moving ions)

Question 12

Molecular solid

Answer 12

IMFs

LOW MELTING POINT

Tends to be insoluble

Nonconductors as solids

Question 13

Network solid

Answer 13

Series of covalent bonds= network bonding

VERY HIGH MELTING POINT

Insoluble

Nonconductors

Question 14

Metallic Solid

Answer 14

Metallic bonds
“Delocalized electrons”

High melting point

Tend to be insoluble

EXCELLENT CONDUCTORS AS SOLIDS
electrons- free moving charged particles

Question 15

IMFs

Answer 15

Intermolecular Forces of attraction